Classification of hydrocephalus is the most crucial but the most complicated academic challenge within the hydrocephalus research field. The major difficulty in this challenge arises from the fact that the classification is based on almost all subjects in hydrocephalus research, i.e., definition and terminology of hydrocephalus, pathophysiology, hydrocephalus chronology, specific forms of hydro...

A chronic and arrested hydrocephalus, presenting with prominent behavioral problems in a patient with treated Congenital Hydrocephalus and a Ventriculo-Peritonial Shunt in situ for twenty seven years. A case report, which signifies neuro-psychiatric liaison.

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is one of the most common diseases in children, and its treatment requires brain operation. However, the pathophysiology of the disease is very complicated and still unknown.  Methods: Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VPS) implantation are among the common treatments of hydrocephalus. In this study, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) hyd...

Congenital hydrocephalus affects 0.1-0.3% of live births, with a high mortality rate (approximately 50%) in the absence of surgical intervention. Although the insertion of shunts alleviates the symptoms of the majority of congenital cases, the molecular basis of hydrocephalus and the mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation remain largely unknown. Two important players are the subcom...

This study was conducted to describe a prenatal case of congenital hydrocephalus and hemivertebrae with a 6q terminal deletion and to investigate the possible correlation between the genotype and phenotype of the proband. We performed an array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on a fetus diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus and hemivertebrae. The deletion, spanning 10.0...

Congenital hydrocephalus is a common birth-defect whose developmental origins are poorly understood. Pax3-null mutants show defects in myogenesis, neural tube closure, neural crest morphogenesis, and heart development that, consequently, results in embryonic lethality. Here we demonstrate that conditional deletion of the mouse Pax3 transcription factor results in fully-penetrant congenital obst...

A 66 year-old woman with congenital macro cephaly and developmental delay presented with aphasia and right-sided weakness. Head CT revealed severe hydrocephalus of the lateral and third ventricles with a normal fourth ventricle due to a chronic congenital process (Fig. 1A). MRI confirmed subacute embolic infarcts of the left middle cerebral artery territory (Fig. 1B) and a heparin drip was init...

Dilation of the subarachnoid channels overlying the cerebral hemispheres, ie, external hydrocephalus, can be an early anatomic-radiologic finding in some infants with congenital communicating hydrocephalus. This structural change may progress to ventricular dilation or internal hydrocephalus. Enlargement of the subarachnoid channels appears to occur during the first stage in the development of ...

A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a commonly used mechanical device indicated for congenital and acquired hydrocephalus in children. Although VP failure not uncommon, the symptomatology cause of can vary. In this case, we describe intestinal obstruction three-year-old Caucasian female with history Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma placement management hydrocephalus. Surgical exploration revealed ischem...