Traditionally, minimization of the total travel time spent by the passengers in the system is the most preferred objective while planning transit systems. To satisfy this objective, forecasted travel demands between zones and characteristics of the available fleet are taken into account, and at the end of the planning process, optimum frequencies of each transit lines are identified. Unfortunat...

Based on the two-dimension cellular automaton traffic flow model (BML model), a mixed traffic flow model of urban traffic that considering the transit traffic is established in this paper by using theDon't block the box rules. We have investigated the influences of the transit traffic ratio, and found that, in most cases, the urban traffic flow exhibited jam phase. Moreover, focusing on the tra...

The evaluation of trial operation of urban rail transit is a decisive link of whether the new line of urban rail transit can put into trial operation. Whether the result of evaluation is objective, reasonable and effective has a direct relation with whether urban rail transit can ensure operation safety and satisfy the basic service requirements. Therefore, it is very important to make sure tha...

The situation with crude oil shipments from Kazakhstan to the European Union has seriously deteriorated since 24 February 2022 when Russia started its invasion of Ukraine. A series different incidents, which complicated these deliveries, soon after beginning and this again brought light need diversify export routes for Kazakh oil. In spite numerous previous appeals, dependence on transit via Ru...