Taxation is only sustainable if the general public complies with it. This observation is uncontroversial with tax practitioners but has been ignored by the public finance tradition, which has interpreted tax constitutions as binding contracts by which the power to tax is irretrievably conferred by individuals to government, which can then levy any tax it chooses. However, in the absence of an o...

For all the disagreement and polarization that mark modern American politics, one commitment that enjoys wide-ranging support—able to unite even hardened foes on the right and on the left—is faith in the essential goodness of the federal Constitution. Members of both major political parties often clamor to display their constitutional loyalty, from establishing Constitution Day as a national ho...

Abstract In his final speech as chair of the assembly that drafted India's Constitution, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described a contradiction between formal equality Constitution guaranteed and country's socioeconomic inequality. This article follows two interpretive traditions Constitution: first, developed by Supreme Court in challenging land reform legislation, is doctrine “basic structure” which hol...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the constitution of Sasang and the bee venom hypersensitive reaction, as well as the hypersensitive reaction occurrence ratio between males and females, for patients treated with sweet bee venom (SBV) and who had undergone an examination of the constitution of the Sasang. METHODS All 81 patients enrolled in the study w...

The objective of the paper is to analyze the formation of social networks where individuals are allowed to engage in several groups at the same time. These group structures are interpreted here as social networks. Each group is supposed to have specific rules or constitutions governing which members may join or leave it. Given these constitutions, we consider a social network to be stable if no...

of Emergency Constitutions PRELIMINARY – PLEASE ASK AUTHORS FOR LATEST VERSION BEFORE CITING Christian Bjørnskov* and Stefan Voigt Abstract: Today, 9 out of 10 constitutions contain explicit emergency provisions. Their purpose is to help governments cope with extraordinary events that endanger many people or even the existence of the state tout court. In this paper, we deal with two questions: ...

BACKGROUND The theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution involves genetic characteristics, psychological factors, organ functions, and many other aspects. Studies have shown that TCM constitution is associated with HLA polymorphisms and has a genetic basis. A large number of Chinese studies have suggested that the clinical evolution of breast cancer may differ among patients wit...