We document a strong and negative relationship between changes in cohort size and marriage rates for both women and men. We provide the most convincing evidence on this relationship by using variation in cohort size due to differences across states in sale bans on oral contraceptives. This empirical pattern is puzzling if interpreted using insights derived from the previous literature and stand...

Published retrospective studies of the relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and disease have assumed that women are able to recall their oral contraceptive histories with reasonable accuracy. The validity of this assumption has been investigated by comparing oral contraceptive histories obtained from 75 women attending family planning clinics with the information contained in the...

This report looks at data from 17 032 women who took part in the Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Thirty-eight first accidental pregnancies occurred during 6779 woman-years of use of progestogen-only oral contraceptives (0.56 per 100) and 95 first accidental pregnancies occurred during 48 692 woman-years of combined oral contraceptive use (0.20 per 100). Although associat...

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether age of onset of multiple sclerosis is related to use of combined oral contraceptives and/or timing of childbirth. The results showed that use of combined oral contraceptives and childbirth before the first multiple sclerosis symptom was correlated to a higher mean age at the onset of the disease.

Despite the availability of free contraceptives in the Republic of South Africa (RSA), unwanted and unintended pregnancies continue to pose challenges to reproductive health services. Structuredinterviews were conducted with 83 women in the Northern Tshwane area of the Gauteng Province about their contraceptive practices. All the participants couldgain more knowledge about the effective use ofm...

OBJECTIVE The State of California has taken several steps to make emergency contraceptives (ECs) available to women in the state. By using data from the 1999-2001 California Women's Health Survey, we estimated the knowledge of emergency contraception among adult women of reproductive age at risk of pregnancy (n=6209). STUDY DESIGN This study is based on 3 years of data (1999-2001) from the Ca...

Introduction At present, population explosion is one of the social problems since uncontrolled growth declined natural resources and cause threatens to sustainable development. Many methods of contraceptives have been designed for women, while need to paid satisfactorily attention for men in this issue (Soni et al., 2015) and secondary thing is the synthetic contraceptives use for fertility con...

Combined hormonal contraceptives consist of an estrogen and a progestogen, and act primarily by preventing ovulation through the inhibition of the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. The progestogen component also renders the cervical mucus relatively impenetrable to sperm, and reduces the receptivity of the endometrium to implantation (IARC, 2007). A variety of innovations ha...