s-Block heterobimetallic catalysts: Exploiting s-block cooperativity, the use of a potassium magnesiate for catalytic hydrophosphinylation styrenes has been developed.

Cooperative binding of transcription factors (TFs) to promoters and other regulatory regions is essential for precise gene expression. The classical model of cooperativity requires direct interactions between TFs, thus constraining the arrangement of TF sites in regulatory regions. Recent genomic and functional studies, however, demonstrate a great deal of flexibility in such arrangements with ...

Many biological systems can be considered coupled systems, arising from the interconnected structure of on (or more) molecular/protein components. An important characteristic of any such “built up” macromolecule is the need for synergistic behavior between the individual components. In nature, this behavior is evident, e.g., the double stranded constitution of DNA is a well-known fact; however,...

Cooperativity is a phenomenon of universal importance in biological systems and has almost as much variety as it has ubiquity. In virtually all ecosystems the cooperativity of groups, species, and individual organisms is evident. The cooperativity known as “mutualism” is one in which one species provides a haven or a metabolic advantage to another species. On a more microscopic level is the “me...

Background: Ileal bile acid binding proteins display different degrees of binding cooperativity. Results: The structure of a low cooperative protein complexed with bile salts was determined. The protein was mutated to enhance its cooperativity. Conclusion: The cooperative binding requires few latch residues that stabilize an H-bond network. Significance: Knowledge of the determinants of coopera...

Allosteric modulation of adenosine A1 receptors (A1ARs) offers a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of numerous central and peripheral disorders; however, despite decades of research, there is a relative paucity of structural information regarding the A1AR allosteric site and mechanisms governing cooperativity with orthosteric ligands. We combined alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the A...

In post-transcriptional regulation, an mRNA molecule is bound by many proteins and/or miRNAs to modulate its function. To enable combinatorial gene regulation, these binding partners of an RNA must communicate with each other, exhibiting cooperativity. Even in the absence of direct physical interactions between the binding partners, such cooperativity can be mediated through RNA secondary struc...

Transcriptional cooperativity among several transcription factors (TFs) is believed to be the main mechanism of complexity and precision in transcriptional regulatory programs. Here, we present a Bayesian network framework to reconstruct a high-confidence whole-genome map of transcriptional cooperativity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by integrating a comprehensive list of 15 genomic features. We ...