INTRODUCTION Clavicle fractures are common injuries, representing 35 to 45% of fractures of the shoulder girdle. Fifteen to 25% of those involve the distal portion of the clavicle. Previously, non-operative management of midshaft clavicle fractures was based on the premise that even grossly malunited fractures had a minimal impact on functional outcomes. However, level I evidence supports the i...

Acromioclavicular joint injuries are among the most common shoulder girdle injuries in athletes and most commonly result from a direct force to the acromion with the arm in an adducted position. Acromioclavicular joint injuries often present with associated injuries to the glenohumeral joint, including an increased incidence of superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) tears that may warrant fu...

BACKGROUND Symptomatic Acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations have historically been surgically treated with Coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstruction with transfer of the Coracoacromial (CA) ligament. Tensioning the CA ligament is the key to success. METHODS Seventeen patients with chronic, symptomatic Type III AC joint or acute Type IV and V injuries were treated surgically. The distal cla...

BACKGROUND Acromioclavicular injuries are common in sports medicine. Surgical intervention is generally advocated for chronic instability of Rockwood grade III and more severe injuries. Various methods of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction and augmentation have been described. The objective of this study is to compare the biomechanical properties of a novel palmaris-longus tendon reconstr...