The present investigation examined the temporal relationships between changes in coronary artery heart disease (CAHD) mortality rates from whites (1938-1980) and changes in national measures of dietary elements, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, and unemployment. The magnitude and latency of the causal relationships were estimated with the use of cross-lagged correlation functions (CCFs...

Reliable interpretation of landscape genetic analyses depends on statistical methods that have high power to identify the correct process driving gene flow while rejecting incorrect alternative hypotheses. Little is known about statistical power and inference in individual-based landscape genetics. Our objective was to evaluate the power of causal-modelling with partial Mantel tests in individu...

Current issues in alcohol-related violence are highlighted through the examination of correlational studies between alcohol and violent crime. Alcohol is associated with violent crime at a greater than chance level and at a significantly higher level than it is associated with nonviolent crime. Heavy drinking and a verbal argument usually precede the violent act and the victim is as likely as t...

This research investigated the learning of event categories, in particular, categories of simple animated events, each involving a causal interaction between 2 characters. Four experiments examined whether correlations among attributes of events are easier to learn when they form part of a rich correlational structure than when they are independent of other correlations. Event attributes (e.g.,...

Mechanist philosophers have examined several strategies scientists use for discovering causal mechanisms in neuroscience. Findings about the anatomical organization of the brain play a central role in several such strategies. Little attention has been paid, however, to the use of network analysis and causal modeling techniques for mechanism discovery. In particular, mechanist philosophers have ...

the main goal followed throughout this research was an identification of the role of environmental variables in entrepreneurial orientation (eo) dimensions, implemented as a correlational research, and by an application of causal model. statistical sample of the study consisted of 1800 cooperative memberships for the selection of which one out of each six regional groups of provinces (as cluste...

Path analysis is a generalization of multiple linear regression that builds models with causal interpretations. It is an exploratory or discovery procedure for finding causal structure in correlational data. Recently, we have applied statistical methods such as path analysis to the problem of building models of AI programs, which are generally complex and poorly understood. For example, we buil...

Reports an error in "How Readers Understand Causal and Correlational Expressions Used in News Headlines" by Rachel C. Adams, Petroc Sumner, Solveiga Vivian-Griffiths, Amy Barrington, Andrew Williams, Jacky Boivin, Christopher D. Chambers and Lewis Bott (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, Advanced Online Publication, Nov 3, 2016, np). In the article, the fourth author was inadvertently...

Studies have found positive correlations between affective states (e.g., confusion, boredom) and learning outcomes in educational technologies like ASSISTments and Carnegie Learning's Cognitive Tutor. The adage that "correlation does not imply causation" is especially apt in light of these observations; it seems counterintuitive that increasing student boredom or confusion (e.g., designing syst...

In a test of two key features of REBT, causal relationships between irrational beliefs and unconditional self-acceptance were experimentally investigated in a sample of 106 non-clinical participants using a priming technique. Priming participants with statements of irrational belief resulted in a decrease in unconditional self-acceptance whereas priming participants with statements of rational ...