We use the CORSIKA air shower simulation program to review the method for assigning energies to ultra-high energy cosmic rays viewed with the air ̄uorescence technique. This technique uses the atmosphere as a calorimeter, and we determine the corrections that must be made to the calorimetric energy to yield the primary cosmic-ray energy. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 9...

The shower simulation code CORSIKA has been used to investigate the electron energy and angular distributions in high-energy showers. Based on the universality of both distributions, we develop an analytical description of Cherenkov light emission in extensive air showers, which provides the total number and angular distribution of photons. The parameterisation can be used e.g. to calculate the...

The cosmic muon generator CMSCGEN is based on a parametrization of the differential muon flux at ground level, as obtained from the air shower simulation program CORSIKA. We present the underlying ansatz for this parameterization and provide an approximation of the momentum and angular distributions in terms of simple polynomials, in the momentum range 3− 3000GeV.

The studies realized in INRNE (Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy) particulary in cosmic rays detection and construction of Muonic Cerenkov Telescope in University of Blagoevgrad [1] shows the need to develop a theoretical model based on observed phenomenon and to refine it for the detection system optimisation. The effect was introduced in EGS4 [2] code system. The first simulat...

Using the large hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment, hadronic cores of extensive air showers have been studied. The hadron lateral and energy distributions have been investigated in order to study the reliability of the shower simulation program CORSIKA with respect to particle transport, decays, treatment of low–energy particles, etc. A good description of the data has been found at l...

An interpretation of AGASA (Akeno Giant Air Shower Array) data by comparing the experimental results with the simulated ones by CORSIKA (COsmic Ray SImulation for KASCADE) has been made. General features of the electromagnetic component and low energy muons observed by AGASA can be well reproduced by CORSIKA. The form of the lateral distribution of charged particles agrees well with the experim...

Based on Monte Carlo simulations using the CORSIKA code, it is shown that Cerenkov images produced by ultrahigh energy γ-rays and cosmic ray nuclei (proton, Neon and Iron) are fractal in nature. The resulting multifractal and wavelet moments when employed in association with the conventional Hillas parameters as inputs to a properly-trained artificial neural network are found to provide more ef...

The shower simulation code CORSIKA has been used to investigate the electron energy and angular distributions in high-energy showers. Based on the universality of both distributions, we develop an analytical description of Cherenkov light emission in extensive air showers, which provides the total number and angular distribution of photons. The parameterisation can be used e.g. to calculate the...

Abstract The atmospheric muon flux is generated with CORSIKA 6.030 (using QGSJET high-energy interaction model) and fitted with the formula from Gaisser (1990). Spectra and mass distribution of primaries were taken according to the poli-gonato model of Hörandel (2003). A convenient parameterization of the cos(θ) → cos(θ∗) correction, originally tabulated in Volkova (1969), is presented. This co...