digital watermarking techniques have been exploited to protect the copyright of multimedia data in the emerging systems. In this paper, an efficient watermarking approach for System-on-Programmable-Chip (SOPC) realization is proposed. We analyzed the software efficiency of watermark embedding with Nios-II soft-CPU and proposed a cost-effective architecture for the design of Discrete Cosine Tran...

Traditionally, multi-layer neural networks use dot product between the output vector of previous layer and the incoming weight vector as the input to activation function. The result of dot product is unbounded, thus increases the risk of large variance. Large variance of neuron makes the model sensitive to the change of input distribution, thus results in poor generalization, and aggravates the...

This paper surveys recent and historical publications on automotive powertrain control. Controloriented models of gasoline and diesel engines and their aftertreatment systems are reviewed, and challenging control problems for conventional engines, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell powertrains are discussed. Fundamentals are revisited and advancements are highlighted. A comprehensive list of referen...

Nowadays, ceramic exhaust gas sensors are installed in quantities of millions in automotive exhaust gas systems. Almost any automobile being powered by a gasoline combustion engine is equipped with at least one zirconia exhaust gas oxygen sensor (l probe) for detection of the air-to-fuel ratio l. The first part of this short overview focuses on potentiometric as well as on amperometric zirconia...

The competition to deliver fuel e cient and environmentally friendly vehicles is driving the 1 2 Submitted to Journal of Dynamics Systems, Measurement, & Control automotive industry to consider ever more complex powertrain systems. Adequate performance of these new highly interactive systems can no longer be obtained through traditional approaches, which are intensive in hardware use and nal co...

Fleet fuel consumption is greatly reduced through the introduction of the HSDI Diesel engine. The reduced fuel consumption is then reflected in a reduction of CO2 emissions. The drop in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions results in a rise in market acceptance, which is also the result of desirable driving performance and greatly improved NVH behavior. The continuously increasing demands on plac...

In this letter, we established a traveling wave solution by using cosine function algorithm for Gardnerequation and (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system. The cosine method is used to obtain theexact solution.

The main goal of Speech enhancement is to enhance the performance of speech communication systems in noisy environments. The problem of enhancing speech which is corrupted by noise is very large, although a lot of techniques have been introduced by the researchers over the past years. This problem is more severe when there is no additional information on the nature of noise degradation is avail...