the mines are an important section of national heritage and public domain. in legal aspect there are several theories about the mines such as; ownership; public domain and non-proper tier things. some of the islamic jurists believe mines are anfal and others say they are non-proper tier things. although the prohibition or restriction in exploitation of mine is useful because of fairly distribut...

Optimal foraging theory has been criticized for underestimating patch exploitation time. However, proper modeling of costs not only answers these criticisms, but it also explains apparently irrational behaviors like the sunk-cost effect. When a forager is sure to experience high initial costs repeatedly, the forager should devote more time to exploitation than searching in order to minimize the...

The hypothesis selection problem (or the k-armed bandit problem) is central to the realization of many learning systems. This paper studies the minimization of sampling cost in hypothesis selection under a probably approximately optimal (PAO) learning framework. Hypothesis selection algorithms could be exploration-oriented or exploitation-oriented. Exploration-oriented algorithms tend to explor...

Since real data is time-consuming and expensive to collect, label, and use, researchers have proposed approaches using synthetic variations for the tasks of signature verification, speaker authentication, handwriting recognition, keyword spotting, etc. However, the limitation of real data is particularly critical in the field of writer identification in that in forensics, enemies or criminals u...

While the exploitation of aquatic fauna and flora has been documented in several primate species to date, evolutionary contexts mechanisms behind emergence this behavior both human non-human primates remain largely overlooked. Yet, issue is particularly important for our understanding evolution, as hominins represent not only group with highest degree adaptedness environments, but also which tr...