BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on the health care costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in Africa. Our objectives were to describe the direct heath care costs and establish the cost drivers over time in an HIV managed care programme in Southern Africa. METHODS/FINDINGS We analysed the direct costs of treating HIV-infected adults enrolled in the managed care programme from 3 ...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to identify monetary and nonmonetary costs and benefits, as well as their drivers, to assist persons in clinical sites who are implementing clinical education to minimize costs and maximize benefits. METHOD Qualitative research methodology involved students, student supervisors, administrators, and patients in a hermeneutic dialectic process of identifying co...

BACKGROUND Little is known about differences in costs to provide anesthesia care for different surgical subspecialties and which factors influence the subspecialty-specific costs. METHODS In this retrospective study, the authors determined main cost components (preoperative visit, intraoperative personnel costs, material and pharmaceutical costs, and others) for 10,843 consecutive anesthesia ...

BACKGROUND The 14 countries that are scaling up voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention are also considering early infant male circumcision (EIMC) to ensure longer-term reductions in HIV incidence. The cost of implementing EIMC is an important factor in scale-up decisions. We conducted a comparative cost analysis of EIMC performed by nurse-midwives and doctors using the Ac...

Infectious disease threat events (IDTEs) are increasing in frequency worldwide. We analyzed underlying drivers of 116 IDTEs detected in Europe during 2008-2013 by epidemic intelligence at the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control. Seventeen drivers were identified and categorized into 3 groups: globalization and environment, sociodemographic, and public health systems. A combination...

The paper studies an optimal decision problem for several groups of drivers on a network of roads. Drivers have different origins and destinations, and different costs, related to their departure and arrival time. On each road the flow is governed by a conservation law, while intersections are modeled using buffers of limited capacity, so that queues can spill backward along roads leading to a ...

BACKGROUND Cost-of-illness (COI) studies of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are vital components for describing the economic burden of MS, and are frequently used in model studies of interventions of MS. We conducted a systematic review of studies estimating the COI of MS, to compare costs between studies and examine cost drivers, emphasizing generalizability and methodological choices. MATERIAL AND ...

OBJECTIVES Studies on medical resource utilization (MRU) and related costs are important for evaluating the potential patient management and cost-effectiveness implications of antiviral treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The objectives of this study were (i) to compare the MRU and related costs for two treatment approaches; (ii) to identify the main drivers of resource use and co...