Background Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD severity. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and a dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) locus associated with smoking cessation in multiple populations. ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if cigarette mentholation is associated with the frequency of smoking and with quitting, and whether mentholation explains racial differences in these two smoking behaviours. DESIGN Cross sectional analysis of case-control data on smoking and lung cancer. SUBJECTS Limited to 19 545 current and former cigarette smokers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Smoking > 20 cigarettes p...

The kinetics of thymine-thymine cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (TT-CPD) formation was studied at 23 thymine-thymine base steps in two 247-base pair DNA sequences irradiated at 254 nm. Damage was assayed site-specifically and simultaneously on both the forward and reverse strands by detecting emission from distinguishable fluorescent labels at the 5'-termini of fragments cleaved at CPD sites by T4...

The research examines Indonesian vocational high school teachers’ perceptions of continuing professional development (CPD) in the context changing policies regarding teacher CPD. Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model is used as conceptual framework. Six accounting teachers interviewed understood CPD an activity for improvement, but different ways. They perceived performance assessment and govern...

This study demonstrates a novel approach to test associations between highly heterogeneous genetic loci and complex phenotypes. Previous investigations of the relationship between Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotype and smoking phenotypes made comparisons by dividing subjects into broad categories based on assumptions that simplify the range of function of different CYP2A6 alleles, their nume...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for cesarean section due to Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) on physician compliance, pregnancy outcomes and cesarean section rate. The study also wants to identify factors associated with physician non-compliance. MATERIAL AND METHOD 455 medical records of women undergoing a cesarean section due to CPD from January 1...

GOALS Cell population data (CPD) are new morphologic parameters including volume, conductivity, and five light scattering characteristics used for leukocyte classification by an automated hematology analyzer, the UniCel DxH 800. We developed a discriminating CPD model to predict the leukemia lineage during routine complete blood cell count (CBC). PROCEDURES We analyzed the CPD of 405 blood sa...