Hypomethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) target TLR9 expressed by immune cells and are currently being evaluated as adjuvants in clinical trials. However, TLR signaling can promote some tumor growth and immune evasion, such as in multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, deciphering the effects of CpG ODNs on cancer cells will help in preventing these adverse effects and in designing future ...

asthma is a disorder of increasing severity and prevalence. recent knowledge about the pathogenesis of asthma emphasizes its inflammatory nature. cpg oligonucleotides are a class of compounds containing motifs based on the cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (cpg-odns). these motifs are suppressed in mammalian dna. they induce inflammation in mammals characterized by the induction of t helper type 1...

We have previously demonstrated that short oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) exert a positive effect on weight loss and oocyst shedding associated with Eimeria infection when injected in vivo. The present work investigated the effects of in ovo vaccination with CpG ODNs and an Eimeria recombinant microneme protein (MIC2), alone or in combination, on susceptibil...

Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODNs) display broad immunostimulating activity and have potential applications in cancer immunotherapy. To investigate the antitumor activity of CpG-ODNs and to study the role of macrophages and lymphocytes in tumor rejection, CpG-ODN's effects on 9 L glioma cells were assessed in Fisher rats, depleted or not in macrophages, in n...

Studies in animal models have provided evidence that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, such as synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain immunostimulatory deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine (CpG) motifs (CpG ODNs), protect against a wide range of viral pathogens. This antiviral activity has been suggested to be indirect and secondary to CpG-induced cytokines and inflammatory responses tr...

The outcomes of immune responses are regulated by various parameters including how Ags are handled by APCs. In this study, we describe the intrinsic immunomodulatory characteristics of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that improve the Ag presentation by APCs. ODNs (20-mer) containing CpG motifs induced strong Th1-skewed responses. In contrast, those without CpG motifs enhanced cytokine production b...

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have important properties that can be exploited for immunotherapy against tumors. Locally injected immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODNs), which are TLR9 agonists, have shown promise in cancer models. Several studies have demonstrated that these motifs have immunologic effects similar to those of bacterial DNA and ca...

The immunostimulatory properties of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been studied in various mammalian models including humans and mice. However, little was known about effects of CpG ODNs on immune responses of chickens, a common avian species with important economical value in the poultry industry. In the present study, two CpG ODNs, 2006 and 1826, which show immunomodulating p...

The promising results of clinical trials using immune checkpoint inhibitors revived interests in cancer immunotherapy. However, it also became apparent that efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade can benefit from combining it with immunostimulatory strategies. Here, we review prior and re-emerging approaches using Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), focused o...

Cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) are synthetic ODNs with unmethylated DNA sequences that mimic viral and bacterial DNA and protect against infectious agents and tumor challenge. We show that CpG ODNs markedly accelerated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) lethality by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligation of host antigen-presenting cells (APCs), dependent upon hos...