brand strength is a variable with the wide scope of definition that can survey marketing strategy and customers' perceptions.in this article, the strength of 23 brands of household appliances in guilan market have been evaluated by using bav models and with receiving customers' opinion from questionnaire. the result indicated that as a whole,foreign brands are stronger than iranian br...

How can the central bank credibly implement a “lower-for-longer” strategy? To answer this question, we analyze series of optimal sustainable policy problems—indexed by duration reputational loss—in sticky-price model with an effective lower bound (ELB) constraint on nominal interest rates. We find that, even when lacks commitment, still keep rate at ELB for extended period—though not as under c...

The theory of implementation abounds with mechanisms with intricate systems of rewards and punishments off-the-equilibrium path. Generally, it is not in the designer’s best interest to go through with the reward/punishment in the “subgame” arising from some disequilibrium play. This would make the mechanism’s outcome function non-credible. We define a notion of credible implementation and, in t...

This paper considers a model of a rating agency with multiple clients, in which each client has a separate market that forms a belief about the quality of the client after the agency issues a rating. When the clients are rated separately (individual rating), the credibility of a good rating is limited by the incentive of the agency to exaggerate the quality of its client. In centralized rating,...

This paper presents an approach to compiler correctness in which the compiler generates a proof that the transformed program correctly implements the input program. A simple proof checker can then verify that the program was compiled correctly. We call a compiler that produces such proofs a credible compiler, because it produces veri able evidence that it is operating correctly.