A simple model is presented for the description of relaxation, creep, and strain stiffening phenomena that are observed in parallel-fibered collagenous tissues such as ligaments and tendons. In the model formulation, the tissues are assumed to be composed of collagen fibers aligned along their physiological loading direction. The collagen fibers are gradually recruited under strain and are arra...

It has been suggested that the success of a meniscal replacement is dependent on several factors, one of which is the secure fixation and firm attachment of the replacement to the tibial plateau [Chen, M.I., Branch, T.P., et al., 1996. Is it important to secure the horns during lateral meniscal transplantation? A cadaveric study. Arthroscopy 12(2), 174-181; Alhalki, M.M., et al., 1999. How thre...

where J(t) is the creep compliance as it depends on time t, and E(t) is the relaxation modulus. Many constitutive models have been developed to describe the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of materials; see Schapery (1969) and Findley et al. (1976). Models described by Johnson et al. (1996) are for large deformations and Pioletti et al. (1998) take into account the strain rate. In the present s...

We simulate the glide motion of an assembly of interacting dislocations under the action of an external shear stress and show that the associated plastic creep relaxation follows Andrade's law. Our results indicate that Andrade creep in plastically deforming crystals involves the correlated motion of dislocation structures near a dynamic transition separating a flowing from a jammed phase. Simu...

In this paper, the authors introduce a hierarchic fractal model to describe bone hereditariness. Indeed, experimental data of stress relaxation or creep functions obtained by compressive/tensile tests have been proved to be fit by power law with real exponent 0 ⩽ β ⩽1. The rheological behavior of the material has therefore been obtained, using the Boltzmann-Volterra superposition principle, in ...

Eyring’s non-linear visco-elastic model has been used to describe two important time dependent mechanical behaviors for textile materials such as stress relaxation and creep. Three yarns suitable for the production of stretch fabrics, viz. 100% wool, wool–lycra and polyester–wool–lycra spun from siro spinning technology are considered in this study. The complex mathematical equations of Eyring’...

The goal of this study was to develop a nondestructive radial compression technique and to investigate the viscoelastic behavior of the rat tail disc under repeated radial compression. Rat tail intervertebral disc underwent radial compression relaxation testing and creep testing using a custom-made gravitational creep machine. The axisymmetric viscoelasticity and time-dependent recovery were de...

Viscoelastic material behavior is often characterized using one of the three measurements: creep, stress-relaxation or dynamic sinusoidal tests. A two-stage numerical method was developed to allow representation of data from creep and stress-relaxation tests on the Fourier axis in the Laplace domain. The method assumes linear behavior and is theoretically applicable to any transient test which ...

Introduction: Simple models of geomorphic modification of planetary surfaces by erosion or deposition are reported here. These processes are linear and non-linear creep, uniform accrescence and decrescence, and non-linear airfall deposition. They do not include models of flow whose depth is of the same order of magnitude as the landform, such as glacial flow or relaxation of crater forms in pla...

Extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been performed to study the microstructure evolution of a self-reinforced silicon nitride associated with high temperature creep. A large population of strain whorls is observed in samples crept at relatively high temperatures and the strain whorls are not necessarily asymmetrical with respect to the grain boundary normal. Large angle converg...