despite the history of criminalization of forced pregnancy as sexual violence, certainly the implicit knowledge of forced pregnancy in public sphere and apart from other acts of sexual violence was first created after atrocities took place in bosnia between 1992 and 1995 and in rwanda in 1994. however, explicit criminalization of forced pregnancy as crime against humanity and war crime has been...

The Canadian Coalition to Reform HIV Criminalization (CCRHC) is proposing to develop a Community Consensus Statement calling for various actions by federal, provincial and territorial governments to address the overly broad use of the criminal law in cases of alleged HIV non-disclosure. Such a statement, widely endorsed by organizations across the country involved in the response to HIV, would ...

Since the early 1990s American schools have adopted a number of practices – zero tolerance, school police, metal detectors, drug sweeps, and surveillance cameras – that signal a shift from a discretionary student disciplinary framework to a crime control paradigm. The sociological subfield that centers on the examination and interpretation of the criminalization of school discipline is still in...

The climate of domestic drug policy in the United States as it pertains to both women and men at the beginning of the 21 st century is the criminalization mode of regulation—a mode that is based on the model of addiction as a crime and one that is used to prohibit the use of currently illegal drugs. In Canada, drug policy is based mainly on the harm reduction model, a policy or program directed...

bioethics is a novel branch in the field of applied normative ethics that analyze challenges and problems resulted from creation and development of new biotechnology. nowadays necessity of prohibition in some scope of bioethics is attracted by some legalists and moralists. in this direction, one of the related issue about bioethics is use of penal sanctions protecting these prohibitions. there ...