Option pricing is a tool that investors often use for the purpose of arbitrage or hedging. However, both the BlackScholes model and the CRR model can only provide a theoretical reference value. The volatility in the CRR model cannot always appear in the precise sense because the financial markets fluctuate from time to time. Hence, the fuzzy volatility is naturally to be considered. The main pu...

29 Insulin administration during insulin-modified intravenous glucose tol30 erance test (IM-IVGTT) can induce transient hypoglycemia in healthy 31 insulin-sensitive subjects. This triggers counterregulatory responses (CRR), 32 which influence the kinetics of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) 33 and undermines the accuracy of mathematical modeling methods that do 34 not explicitly ac...

Fault tolerance is an important issue in operating system. Checkpointing and Rollback Recovery (CRR) is a key technique to fault tolerance. Its simplicity and effectiveness make it widely applied to fault maintenance of operating system. CRR can be divided into checkpoint storage and restoration. And checkpoint storage is key factor to real-time of checkpoint recovery. Current checkpoint storag...

Human annotation for Co-reference Resolution (CRR) is labor intensive and costly, and only a handful of annotated corpora are currently available. However, corpora with Named Entity (NE) annotations are widely available. Also, unlike current CRR systems, state-of-the-art NER systems have very high accuracy and can generate NE labels that are very close to the gold standard for unlabeled corpora...

* Anek Belbase is senior research project manager at the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College (CRR). Alicia H. Munnell is director of the CRR and the Peter F. Drucker Professor of Management Sciences at Boston College’s Carroll School of Management. Nari Rhee is the manager of the Retirement Security Program at the University of California at Berkeley Center for Labor Research and E...

* Alicia H. Munnell is the Director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College (CRR) and the Peter F. Drucker Professor of Management Sciences at Boston College’s Carroll School of Management. Anthony Webb is a research economist at the CRR. Francesca Golub-Sass and Dan Muldoon are research associates at the CRR. The Center gratefully acknowledges Nationwide Mutual Insurance Compan...

The Terms and Relations of Comparison, Referential, and Relative Processes This paper develops the mathematical foundations of comparison, referential, and relative (CRR) processes. The key ingredients are: (1) three kinds of terms; and (2) two kinds of relations. Combining the three terms – absolute amount, relative amount, and relative rank – with the two kinds of relations – functions of one...

The successful application of a conceptual rainfall-runoff (CRR) model depends on how well it is calibrated. Despite the popularity of CRR models, reports in the literature indicate that it is typically difficult, if not. i.•possible, to obtain unique optimal values for their parameters using automatic calibration methods. Unless the best set of parameters.associated witha given calibration dat...

Hypoglycemic detection at the portal-mesenteric vein (PMV) appears mediated by spinal afferents and is critical for the counter-regulatory response (CRR) to slow-onset, but not rapid-onset, hypoglycemia. Since rapid-onset hypoglycemia induces Fos protein expression in discrete brain regions, we hypothesized that denervation of the PMV or lesioning spinal afferents would suppress Fos expression ...

Diversity in life history tactics contributes to the persistence of a population because it helps to protect against stochastic environments by varying individuals in space and time. However, some life history tactics may not be accounted for when assessing the demographic viability of a population. One important factor in demographic viability assessments is cohort replacement rate (CRR), whic...