Six impurities in pantoprazole sodium bulk drug substance were detected by a simple high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) whose area percentage ranged from approximately 0.05 to 0.34%. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to identify the molecular weight of the impurities. A thorough study was undertaken to characterize these impurities. These impurities...

We consider the dynamics of an ionic crystal with a single impurity in the vicinity of the polariton resonance. We show that if the polariton spectrum of the host crystal allows for a gap between polariton branches, the defect gives rise to local states with frequencies within the gap. Despite the atomic size of the impurity we find that the in-gap local states are predominated by long-waveleng...

We consider the dynamics of an ionic crystal with a single impurity in the vicinity of the polariton resonance. We show that if the polariton spectrum of the host crystal allows for a gap between polariton branches, the defect gives rise to a novel kind of local states with frequencies within the gap. Despite the atomic size of the impurity we find that new local states are predominated by long...

We consider dynamics of an ionic crystal with a single impurity in the vicinity of the polariton resonance. We show that if the polariton spectrum of the host crystal allows for a gap between polariton branches, the defect gives rise to a novel kind of local states with frequencies within the gap. Despite the atomic size of the impurity we find that new local states are predominated by long wav...

This research describes advancements in the spectral analysis and error propagation techniques associated with x-ray imaging crystal spectroscopy (XICS) that have enabled this diagnostic to be used to accurately constrain particle, momentum, and heat transport studies in a tokamak for the first time. Doppler tomography techniques have been extended to include propagation of statistical uncertai...

Using molecular dynamics simulation with an angle-dependent Lennard-Jones potential, we study orientational glass with quadrupolar symmetry in mixtures of elliptic particles and circular impurities in two dimensions. With a mild aspect ratio (= 1.23) and a mild size ratio (= 1.2), we realize a plastic crystal at relatively high temperature T. With further lowering T, we find a structural phase ...

The local atomic structure of habit-modifying transition metal cations within the crystal lattice of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray standing wave (XSW) spectroscopy, together with molecular modeling. XAS reveals the transition metal cations to be structurally incorporated into the crystal lattice as an ionic complex that ...

At present, propagation of electromagnetic waves in thin films and layered crystal media [1-4], in particular, in photonic magnetic crystals [5-7] and composite crystals based on silicon and liquid crystal [8-12], are being investigated extensively. Interest in investigation of these objects is motivated, on the one hand, by the demand for different layered structures with given properties in s...

The specific heat of Ce3Co4Sn13 exhibits a crossover from heavy Fermion behavior with antiferromagnetic correlations at low field to single impurity Kondo behavior above 2T. We have performed neutron diffraction measurements in magnetic fields up to 6T on single crystal samples. The (0 0 1) position shows a dramatic increase in intensity in field which appears to arise from static polarization ...

In industrial crystallization, all impurity species need to be removed, regardless of the kind present in raw materials. Removing mother liquor is required because a crystal cake with holdup frequently formed by crystalline particles during solid-liquid separation suspension-type melt crystallization. This study aims make clear relationship between and characteristics cake, difference residue b...