Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for the investigation of the microstructure of materials, providing crystallographic information and composition at the nanometer scale. For such studies, samples should be transparent to the electron beam. In this review, TEM sample preparation techniques for different classes of materials, such as metals and alloys, multilayered coatin...

Dr Fahmy showed a specimen of carcinoma of the body of the uterus removed from a woman, aged 58, who had one child thirty years ago and whose menopause occurred at the age of 40. The patient was well till three years ago when she noticed the onset of a whitish leucorrhoeal discharge which gradually became more marked. Twelve months ago there was very slight bleeding at irregular intervals for a...

Annular pancreas is a relatively rare congenital diseasecaused by an embryologica1and anatomical disturbance in pancreas It may have no sympforns throughout the life and so occasionally discovered during an unrelevant surgery or autopsy but in most of the cases it shows itself as a duodenal obstruction during the in­fancy and childhood.Very rarely symptoms of the disease my be obser­ved in adul...

The patient, a lady of 33, has had three children. Dr Rattray was called in on 26th June, and found her pale, ansemic, and greatly reduced from haemorrhage. The case was rather difficult of diagnosis, but was treated as a threatened miscarriage by Gtt. vi. Tinct. Cannabis Indicse, thrice daily, and cold water enemata. On 27th, severe and labour-like pains supervened, and in a short time a large...

tions of history-taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigation to diagnosis and management of medical outpatients. BrMedJ7 1975;2:486-9. 2 Sandler G. Do emergency tests help in the management of acute medical admissions? Brson OL, Colton T. Inputs into coronary care during 30 years. A cost effectiveness study. protocols for laboratory investigation and their effect on use of medica...

background the prognostic value of blood culture testing in the diagnosis of bacteremia is limited by contamination. objectives in this multicenter study, the aim was to evaluate the contamination rates of blood cultures as well as the parameters that affect the culture results. materials and methods sample collection practices and culture data obtained from 16 university/research hospitals wer...