Recently, computer graphics (CG) have been used to produce visual images not only for the movie industry, but also for a wide array of other uses such as simulating outdoor views in the landscape design and simulators for training different types of operators. In the future, high quality 3D graphics technology will undoubtedly be used to produce visual content. Against this backdrop, this study...

Optical flashes in the lower ionosphere due to the transient heating caused by lightning electromagnetic pulses (EMP) are unambiguously identified with the Fly’s Eye photometric array. Data from a thunderstorm over Mexico recorded at Langmuir Laboratory on August 27 1997 demonstrate that relatively common negative cloud-toground lightning is a previously unrecognized major cause of elves. The s...

Through the observation and study of raindrop spectrum, we can not only explore evolution law precipitation but also understand microphysical characteristics different types clouds. This paper uses spectrum data observed at Naqu Station, Yushu Linzhi Emei Mount as well cloud radar in region Tibetan Plateau. Raindrop spectral are studied, size distribution (DSD) four stations analyzed. The resul...

By measuring infrasound, a wide variety of atmospheric sources can be identified. In this study, infrasound associated with thunderstorm lightning discharges is investigated. For this purpose, infrasound observations are compared with discharge detections based on a electromagnetical (EM) detection system. Both systems are operated by the Royal Netherlands Meteorlogical Institute. The initial r...

Recent research has indicated a strong correlation between total lighting data (both in-cloud and cloud-to-ground) and severe weather such as hail and high wind storms. The lightning activities preceding severe storms have certain characteristics in lightning flashes, such as high in-cloud (IC) flash rates in the storm formation stage. The greater volume of strong updrafts during a severe thund...

Thunderstorm anvils were studied during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment (DC3), using in situ measurements and observations of ice particles and NOx together with radar and Lightning Mapping Array measurements. A characteristic ice particle and NOx signature was found in the anvils from three storms, each containing high lightning flash rates in the storm core prior to anvil ...

Monitoring thunderstorms activity is an essential part of operational weather surveillance given their potential hazards, including lightning, hail, heavy rainfall, strong winds or even tornadoes. This study has two main objectives: firstly, the description of a methodology, based on radar and total lightning data to characterise thunderstorms in real-time; secondly, the application of this met...

Of all the phenomena in the atmosphere, there is none that exceeds the thunderstorm in beauty as it builds up from a small detached cumulus into a towering and awe-inspiring cumulonimbus. However, aviators treat thunderstorms with reverence for they are associated with hail, wind shear and turbulence, squalls and at times heavy precipitation. Thunderstorms during the hot and dry pre-monsoon sea...

Indeks stabilitas memiliki nilai ambang batas dan akurasi yang beragam terhadap prakiraan terjadinya awan Cb thunderstorm di tiap wilayah, sehingga dengan kondisi tersebut indeks sangat menarik untuk dikaji tak terkecuali Bandara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin. jenisnya, namun umum digunakan dalam memprakirakan adalah SI, LI, TTI, SWEAT, KI, CAPE. Pada penelitian ini, kejadian hampir identik s...

A coupled map model for cloud dynamics is proposed, which consists of the successive operations of the physical processes; buoyancy, diusion, viscosity, adi-abatic expansion, fall of a droplet by gravity, descent ow dragged by the falling droplet, and advection. Through extensive simulations, the phases corresponding to stratus, cumulus, stratocumulus and cumulonimbus are found, with the change...