Density-functional theory requires an extra variable besides the electron density in order to properly incorporate magnetic-field effects. In a time-dependent setting, gauge-invariant, total current takes that role. A peculiar feature of static ground-state setting is, however, gauge-dependent paramagnetic appears as additional instead. An alternative, exact reformulation terms has long been so...

Density or gravity currents have been always one of the main causes for sedimentation along many of the dam reservoirs. So controlling this phenomenon is very important for increasing useful life of such reservoirs. In this research study the effect of a combination of rough bed and obstacle on the control of sedimentary density current has been investigated. Experiments were conducted in a til...

Introduction Gradient and shim coils are required to generate a magnetic field of particular spatial form when energised with electric current. The design of these coils is a well studied inverse problem [1] that is inherently ill-conditioned with an infinite number of solutions. In order to obtain a single solution, the system must be regularised, which is commonly achieved by minimising the s...

This project was focused on a basic scientific problem, one that is at the heart of application and development of superconductivity for efficient energy usage. This is improvement in high current density which can only be achieved by learning to pin vortices to the physical structure of its underlying superconducting material. Quantized vortices are the tornado of electrical supercurrents, ubi...

Current Source Density analysis (CSD) is a class of methods of analysis of extracellular electric potentials recorded at multiple sites leading to estimates of current sources generating the measured potentials. It is usually applied to low-frequency part of the potential (called the Local Field Potential, LFP) and to simultaneous recordings or to recordings taken with fixed time reference to t...