By introducing the notion of mirror substitution, we show that, given a substitutive sequence over two letters, it is palindromic (that is, it contains arbitrarily long palindromes) if and only if its language is mirror-invariant (that is, it is closed under the mirror image map). Then we solve a question of Hof, Knill and Simon in the 2-letter case, and also, by constructing a counterexample, ...

The Himalayan mountain forest ecosystem has been degrading since the British ruled the area in the 1850s. Local understanding of the patterns and processes of degradation is desperately required to devise management strategies to halt this degradation and provide long-term sustainability. This work comprises a satellite image based study in combination with national expert validation to generat...

Through the centuries, numerous travellers and orientalists visited Persia (Iran) and described the country and its inhabitants in their travel writings. These travel accounts comprise valuable historical information about the people and their traditions. A literature on travel writings indicate that surprisingly, despite the importance of these recordings, the studies related to the different ...

Current literature indicates a high rate of New Product Development (NDP) failure. Many believe that the main reason behind such failures is the way the NPD process is managed. This includes a lack of clear project definition, too much focus on internal processes and procedures ignoring customer needs and requirements, lack of communication and knowledge transfer among various people within the...

The minimal model program has greatly enhanced our knowledge on birational geometry of varieties of dimension 3 and higher. About the same time, the last two decades have also witnessed increasing interests in HyperKähler manifolds, a particular class of Calabi-Yau manifolds. One interest in this area, which we hope to treat in the future, is to investigate the behavior of the SYZ mirror conjec...

An important activity in urban three-dimensional (3D) mobile navigation is browsing the buildings in the environment and matching them to those in the 3D city map. There are different factors affecting the recognition process such as changes in the appearances of buildings, weather, and illumination conditions. The current aim was to study the salience of different types of visual cues in the r...

People gesture during spatial tasks (Alibali et al., 2001; Kita & Özyürek, 2003; Morsella & Krauss, 2004), and how they gesture reveals information about ongoing cognitive processes (Alibali & Kita, 2008; Church & Goldin-Meadow, 1986; Schwartz & Black, 1996). One task that requires many spatial processes is reading geologic maps. Geologic maps give information about the spatial relationships of...

Many studies have examined the differences between speech that is produced spontaneously as opposed to read from a prepared script. Most of these studies have focused on prosodic measures taken from clauses, sentences, or connected discourse. Furthermore, studies have shown that listeners are able to identify the context of production when presented with sentence-length utterances. The current ...