Hollow nanoparticles (NPs) are produced by void nucleation and growth during chemical reactions. However, there is no proper understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms and their predictive modeling. Models based on the Kirkendall effect predict the process time, which is larger by orders of magnitude than in experiment. This is why some works propose that a large tensile pressure in the ...

A model for early failure due to electromigration in copper dualdamascene interconnects is proposed. The model is based on analytical expressions obtained from solutions of electromigration stress build-up assuming slit void growth under the interconnect vias. It is demonstrated that the model satisfactorily describes the complex physics of void nucleation and growth of the electromigration dam...

There is an increasing need to assess the service life of components containing defect which operate at high temperature. This paper describes the current fracture mechanics concepts that are employed to predict cracking of engineering materials at high temperatures under static and cyclic loading. The relationship between these concepts and those of high temperature life assessment methods is ...

When investigating materials to be utilized, attention inevitably focuses on their resistance over the service life. Despite popularity of amorphous polymers, ranging from applications in structural components ability increase toughness biocomposites, investigation short- long-term has been considerably limited date. Here, an improved testing equipment and model are proposed describe polymers u...

Internal friction and void ratio will change among granular particles under vibration, and the size of void ratio directly affects strength of granular media. To further study the effect of vibration parameters on granular mechanical properties, discrete element method is used to simulate particles motion in a vibrating rectangular case by PFC2D software and study the influence of vibration fre...

Analytical detection of cracking in connections of steel moment resisting frames using simple damage indices is important since these cracks are not visible unless the connections are uncovered. In this paper, applicability of three cumulative damage indices for detection of cracking in a cover plate welded moment connection is investigated. The damage indices considered in this study are based...

The influence of inertial, thermal and rate sensitive effects on the void growth at high strain rate in a thermal viscoplastic solid is investigated by means of a theoretical model presented in the present paper. Numerical analysis of the model suggests that inertial, thermal and rate sensitive effects are three major factors which greatly influence the behavior of void growth in the high strai...

a structured mathematical model of anaerobic conversion of complex organic materials in non-ideally cyclic-batch reactors for biogas production has been developed. the  model is based on multiple-reaction stoichiometry (enzymatic hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis), microbial growth kinetics, conventional material balances in the liquid and gas phases for a cyclic-batch r...

A compact model for early electromigration failures in copper dual-damascene interconnects is proposed. The model is based on the combination of a complete void nucleation model together with a simple mechanism of slit void growth under the via. It is demonstrated that the early electromigration lifetime is well described by a simple analytical expression, from where a statistical distribution ...