the aim of this study was to analyze 22 cytokine polymorphisms in the roma population from the republic of macedonia. the roma population consists of 77 healthy unrelated individuals, residents of different geographical regions of the republic of macedonia (skopje, gostivar, and kochani). blood samples were collected after obtaining written consent. dna was isolated from peripheral blood and 22...

one of the most important problems in neuroscience researches is the understanding what is the communication between the immune system and central nervous system. proinflammatory factors play an important role in this communication. the dysregulation of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation.one of the important  cyt...

memory formation is the most important aspect of a vaccine which can guarantee long-lasting immunity and protection. the main aim of the present study was to evaluate the memory immune responses after immunization with a mini vaccine. mice were immunized with human immunodeficiency virus-1 p24-nef fusion peptide and then cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. in order to determin...

background:it has been hypothesized that genetic factors other than histocompatibility disparity may play a role in predisposition to developing chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml). in this regard, th1 and th2 cytokines and their gene polymorphism seems to be important. overall expression and secretion of cytokines is dependent, at least in part, on genetic polymorphism (nucleotide variations) w...

background almost one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, but only 10% of them develop tuberculosis. tnf-α/il-10 balance has key roles in controlling latent/activation stages of tuberculosis. objectives the objective of this study was to determine an association between polymorphic variants of the tnf-α and il-10 genes and tuberculosis. patients and meth...

objective: dendritic cells (dcs) play a critical role in the beginning and in the course of immune responses. by observing. considering the defect in these cells in patients with tumor malignancy. in recent years there has been considerable interests in correction and use of these cells. in our prvious studies we showed that lysate of listeria monocytogenese can induce maturation of dendritic c...

There have been two previous conflicting reports that the development of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes) was respectively unaffected or inhibited in NOD mice genetically deficient in the T-helper (Th) 1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma or the alpha-chain subunit of its receptor. Our goal was to resolve this conundrum by congenically transferring, from a 129 donor strain to ...

Major burn triggers immune dysfunction, which is associated with wound healing complications. Gamma-δ T-cells have been shown to be important in postburn inflammation and wound healing; however, their cytokine phenotype at the burn wound site is unknown. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to a major burn (25% TBSA, third degree) or sham treatment. At 3 hours, 3 days, and 7 days thereafter, skin s...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cladribine is a cytotoxic drug which ameliorates the clinical course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In addition to cytotoxicity, the mode of action may include immunomodulatory mechanisms. This in vitro study was designed to investigate cladribine's effects on cell function after the removal of cladribine to distinguish cytotoxic versus immunomodulatory eff...