this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...

Different flow patterns of downward gas-liquid two-phaseflow using simple mixer are studied in an experimental manner. An experimental setup is designed and fabricated to allow the visual observation of downward two-phase flow patterns and their transitions. The flow patterns are recorded by a 1200 frames per second high speed video camera. The quality of downward two-phase flow patterns photos...

In this paper, effects of EHD actuators on hydrodynamic behavior and heat transfer of air flow over a circular cylinder were considered. Pressure and temperature distributions around the cylinder were measured in presence of wire-plate EHD actuators. The Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter (d) were 3500, 7000. Experiments were performed for various configurations. Based on obtained resul...

In recent years, several radiopharmaceuticals have been developed for imaging regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) such as 75Se labelled PIPSE and MOSE, ²º¹TI labelled DDC and 99mTc labelled HMPAO. HMPAO with two asymmetric carbon atoms (At the 3 and 9 positions), produces d,1 and meso isomers, only one of which is retained in the brain. Rapid intracellular conversion of 99mTc-d,1-HMPAO to...