In vitro cultures with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) have previously been shown to differentially modulate the growth of immature bovine articular cartilage. IGF-1 stimulates expansive growth yet decreases compressive moduli and increases compressive Poisson's ratios, whereas TGF-β1 maintains tissue size, increases compressive moduli, and decrea...

Article history: Received 2 March 2015 Available online 10 July 2015 JEL classification: C70 D44 D60 D82

Vaccinia virus capping enzyme is a heterodimer of D1 (844 aa) and D12 (287 aa) polypeptides that executes all three steps in m(7)GpppRNA synthesis. The D1 subunit comprises an N-terminal RNA triphosphatase (TPase)-guanylyltransferase (GTase) module and a C-terminal guanine-N7-methyltransferase (MTase) module. The D12 subunit binds and allosterically stimulates the MTase module. Crystal structur...

Finite sets of market data may not suffice to determine Pareto-improving policies. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL Classification: D50; D60

The effects of dose and administration schedule of Tiludronate (TA) were assessed on joint lesions and hyperalgesia in a rat model of monoarthritis induced by injection of Complete Freund Adjuvant into the tibio tarsal joint of the hindpaw on day 0 (D0). Rats (n = 12/group) received subcutaneous injection of saline at D1, D4, D8 and D12; single dose (15 mg/kg; 60 mg/kg) at D1 or repeated doses ...

The purposes of this research were to evaluate phorbol esters (PEs) degradation rate and enzyme production yield using submerged fermentation (SMF) as screening method and further using solid-state fermentation (SSF) as pilot scale-up study. SMF was carried out with 20 g seed cake in 100 ml minimal salt medium for 7 days incubation, while SSF was done with 20 g seed cake at 50% moisture content...

The present study aimed at (1) describing age-related changes in faecal bacterial functional groups involved in carbohydrate degradation and in their activities in foals (n 10) from birth (day (d) 0) to 6 months (d180) and (2) investigating the effect of maternal supplementation (five mares per treatment) from d - 45 to d60 with fermented feed products on response trends over time of the foal b...

Multiple fusions following immunization of athymic mice with the extensively characterized human glioma cell line D-54 MG resulted in the selection of several antibodies (Mabs) highly reactive with tumors of neuroectodermal origin and unreactive with normal nervous system tissue. Two Mabs, C12 and D12, which localized specifically to tumors in athymic mouse-human glioma xenograft paired label l...

Multiple fusions following immunization of athymic mice with the extensively characterized human glioma cell line D-54 MG resulted in the selection of several antibodies (Mabs) highly reactive with tumors of neuroectodermal origin and unreactive with normal nervous system tissue. Two Mabs, C12 and D12, which localized specifically to tumors in athymic mouse-human glioma xenograft paired label l...