The paper provides empirical evidence for the causal impact of broadband Internet on firms’ labour productivity and realised process and product innovations. The analysis refers to the early phase of DSL expansion in Germany from 2001 to 2003, when roughly 60 percent of the German firms already used broadband Internet. Identification relies on instrumental variable estimation taking advantage o...

Kekosongan persediaan material pada saat pelaksanaan proyek dapat mengakibatkan penyelesaian suatu pekerjaan menjadi terhambat sehingga akan mempengaruhi total waktu serta biaya proyek. Apabila terlalu banyak maka membutuhkan ruang penyimpanan dan terjadi penyusutan yang berdampak meningkatkan biaya. Untuk menghindari hal tersebut perlu dibuat perencanaan efektif efisien dengan mempergunakan me...

Firms in tradable sectors are more likely to be subject external competition limit market power, while nontradable firms dependent on domestic policies and institutions. This paper combines an antitrust index available for multiple countries with firm-level data from Orbis covering than 12 million 94 countries, including 20 over 10 years finds that profit margins of operating significantly lowe...

Does Forced Solidarity Hamper Investment in Small and Micro Enterprises? Sharing is a norm in many societies. We present a theoretical model on the trade-off between sharing and investment which we test on data from tailors in Burkina Faso. The empirical results support the idea that there are two behavioural patterns: entrepreneurs following an ‘insurance regime’ comply with sharing norms, are...

The largest decile of commercial electricity customers comprises half of commercial sector electricity usage. We quantify a substantial split incentives problem that exists when these large rms are on electricity-included property lease contracts. Using exogenous variation in weather shocks, we show that customers on tenant-paid contracts use 6-14% less electricity in summer months. The policy ...

Reducing tax evasion is a priority for many governments. A growing literature argues that verifying taxpayer reports against third-party information is critical for tax collection. However, effectiveness can be limited when tax authorities face constraints to credible enforcement and taxpayers make offsetting adjustments on other margins. We exploit a policy intervention in which Ecuadorian fir...

Innovation plays a crucial role in improving firm's performance. The relationship between innovation and productivity has been widely analysed during this decade across countries industries, generating important new findings. This study aims to provide an overall literature review on the of firms obtain comprehensive overview changing productivity. By reviewing existing empirical evidence, one ...

Rituximab (MabThera, Rituxan) in vivo mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood and could differ depending on the subtype of B-lymphoproliferative disorders. Rituximab has been shown to induce apoptosis, complement-mediated lysis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibodydependent phagocytosis (ADPC) in vitro and there is some evidence pointing towards an involvemen...

Using a unique sample of Chinese bank loans over the period 2007-2012, we analyze the repayment decisions of borrowing firms whose cash holdings are high enough to cover the maturing loans. We find that at the firm level weak legal enforcement increases the likelihood for these firms to default on its loan obligations. The impact of legal enforcement becomes stronger when firms face tighter fin...