Energy determines the ability of matter to work. However, in given environment, real usefulness perform work is determined by exergy. This study covers not only solar, but also any monochromatic thermal radiation. The value such radiation was its exergy and ratio exergy-to-energy. A novelty this demonstrate means that polychromatic can be increased dispersion effect greater, lower temperature A...

Terrestrial life is dependent on radiant energy from the sun. Solar radiation is largely optical radiation [radiant energy within a broad region of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes ultraviolet (UV), visible (light) and infrared radiation], although both shorter wavelength (ionizing) and longer wavelength (microwaves and radiofrequency) radiation is present. The wavelength of UV radiat...

in highland watersheds, runoff generated by snow melting plays an important role in stream water supply. srm (snowmelt runoff model) is a hydrologic model which simulates and predicts daily flow in mountain watersheds dominated by snow melting process. the srm is based on the degree-day procedure which, is a widely used method but does not consider physical factors. in the current research, the...

Terrestrial life is dependent on radiant energy from the sun. Solar radiation is largely optical radiation [radiant energy within a broad region of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes ultraviolet (UV), visible (light) and infrared radiation], although both shorter wavelength (ionizing) and longer wavelength (microwaves and radiofrequency) radiation is present. The wavelength of UV radiat...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water ice were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation under astrophysical conditions, and the products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Peripheral carbon atoms were oxidized, producing aromatic alcohols, ketones, and ethers, and reduced, producing partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, molecules that account for the i...