The aim of the study was to compare two ozone exposure patterns with different peak concentrations under equal dose conditions. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Nandu’) was ‘pre-cultivated’ under glasshouse conditions and exposed to two different ozone exposure scenarios (A: 1700–0900 h: 20 ppb, 0900–1700 h: 65 ppb; B: 1600–1200 h: 20 ppb, 1200–1600 h: 110 ppb) in large fumigation chambers ...

Wheat yield and grain nitrogen concentration (GNC; mg N/g grain) are frequently negatively correlated. In most growing conditions, this is mainly due to a feedback process between GNC and the number of grains/m2. In Mediterranean conditions, breeders may have produced cultivars with conservative grain set. The present study aimed at clarifying the main physiological determinants of grain nitrog...

Intraspecific variation in crop responses to global climate change conditions would provide opportunities to adapt crops to future climates. These experiments explored intraspecific variation in response to elevated CO₂ and to high temperature during anthesis in Chenopodium quinoa Wild. Three cultivars of quinoa were grown to maturity at 400 ("ambient") and 600 ("elevated") μmol·mol-1 CO₂ conce...

ABSTRACT Current models for forecasting Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in wheat are based on weather near anthesis, and breeding for resistance to FHB pathogens often relies on irrigation before and shortly after anthesis to encourage disease development. The effects of post-anthesis environmental conditions on FHB are poorly understood. We performed a field experime...

Successive single day transfers of pot-grown wheat to high temperature (35/30°C day/night) replicated controlled environments, from the second node detectable to the milky-ripe growth stages, provides the strongest available evidence that the fertility of wheat can be highly vulnerable to heat stress during two discrete peak periods of susceptibility: early booting [decimal growth stage (GS) 41...

Bulbs of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L. `Gander'), in which the formation of ̄oral organs had been completed, were chilled at 28C for 3±30 weeks and then forced hydroponically at 208C under a 12 h photoperiod with the light at 100 mmol mÿ2 sÿ1. The fresh weight and the perianth length of the cut ̄ower highly correlated with the dry weights of shoots and ̄oral organs at anthesis, respectively. The d...

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a worldwide problem for wheat production and transgene antisense-thioredoxin-s (anti-trx-s) facilitates outstanding resistance. To understand the molecular details of PHS resistance, we analyzed the metabonomes of the transgenic and wild-type (control) wheat seeds at various stages using NMR and GC-FID/MS. 60 metabolites were dominant in these seeds including suga...

Cotton embryos from 34 to 54 days after anthesis were analyzed for organic acids, and enzymes associated with organic acid metabolism. During this developmental period, embryos accumulated citrate. Malate synthase activity appeared at 46 days after anthesis and increased rapidly to 54 days. Of other enzymes examined, only citrate synthase activity increased during this period. As isocitrate lya...