1 Corresponding author: [email protected]; 865-862-2029 ABSTRACT: Spruce-fir forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains receive high atmospheric nitrogen inputs and have high nitrate levels in soil solution and streamwater. High levels of excess nitrogen have been associated with reduced tree vigor. Additionally, the balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) has killed the majority of e...

An anaerobic, mesophilic, sporeforming, xylanolytic bacterium was isolated from decayed Pinus patula wood chips. The cells of this organism were gram-negative rods, had peritrichous flagella, and formed terminal round endospores which distended the cell wall. Xylan, cellobiose, fructose, glucose, maltose, mannose, melezitose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sucrose, and xylose were utilized. The ...

Stag beetles are xylophagous insects that feed mainly on dead wood. They play an important role in the decomposition of dead wood in forest ecosystems. Most dead wood contains 1% nitrogen at most. It is suspected that stag beetles can utilize atmospheric nitrogen. We show that the larvae of Dorcus (Macrodorcus) rectus exposed to nitrogen reduce acetylene to ethylene in a time-dependent fashion....

When making wood board production, defects on board will influence the machining process automation degree. Therefore, how to fast, accurately remove of wood defects and realize optimal combination cutting stock problem has always been a research hotspot in the field of wood processing. According to the decayed wood board, the paper designed the one dimensional optimization cutting stock combin...

Many species of birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles use coarse woody debris (i.e., standing and downed dead wood) for nesting, roosting, foraging, and shelter. Woodpeckers depend on decayed wood to excavate nest and roost cavities in standing trees. Secondary cavity nesters then claim the abandoned cavities for their nesting or roosting. Many of the woodpeckers and secondary cavity nesters...

Wood decayed by brown rot fungi and wood treated with the chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) reaction, either alone or together with a cellulose enzyme cocktail, was analyzed by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (T...

Millions of dollars are spent each year to replace decayed marine piling. The primary avenue of decay infection is through the ends where untreated wood is exposed after piles are cut off. Thus, several fungicides were evaluated for their ability to protect the top cutoff end of creosoted Douglas-fir piles from decay. Supple­ mentary treatment with a 20 percent ammonium bi­ fluoride solution or...

The tree stability-assessment methodology currently used in Italian cities initially follows a visual analysis of individual trees, followed by an evaluation of the internal state using different instruments that are often invasive, expensive, or cannot be effectively used in the urban environment. Moreover, many of these instruments do not provide an adequate evaluation of decay that occurs in...

Abstract It is important for civil engineering applications to investigate resistance wood decay in aqueous environments. DNA from microorganisms inhabiting logs (groynes) that had been used about 15 years as a water control system prevent riverbank erosion was extracted and the microbial community structure examined. specimens four sections, above under water, ground bottom parts of were pulle...