Knowledge can be expressed in two forms: declarative and procedural. Declarative knowledge describes a set of definitions about the world, while procedural knowledge describes the temporal, spatial and constraint aspects applied within these definitions. Expressing declarative knowledge textually is in some ways difficult to follow, whereas it is virtually impossible to capture all aspects of p...

We compared procedural learning, translation of procedural knowledge into declarative knowledge, and use of declarative knowledge in age-matched normal volunteers (n = 30), patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 20), and patients with cerebellar degeneration (n = 15) by using a serial reaction time task. Patients with Parkinson's disease achieved procedural knowledge and used declarative knowle...

Objective: According to the declarative/procedural model, the semantic aspect of language depends on the brain structures responsible for declarative memory. The word pairs task is a common tool for evaluating declarative memory. The current study aimed to design a valid and reliable task for evaluating declarative memory in Persian children at learning and retention stages and to investigate i...

one of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. in this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. in an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. for the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

Currently, the extension of ontologies by a rule representation is a very popular research issue. A rule language increases the expressiveness of the underlying knowledge in many ways. Likewise, the integration creates new challenges for the design process of such ontologies, but also existing evaluation methodologies have to cope with the extension of ontologies by rules. In this work, we intr...

Given an arbitrary learning situation, it is difficult to determine the most appropriate learning strategy. The goal of this research is to provide a general representation and processing framework for introspective reasoning for strategy selection. The learning framework for an introspective system is to perform some reasoning task. As it does, the system also records a trace of the reasoning ...