The apparent position of the Sun in relation to any surface is defined by solar incident angle. angle forms vector and normal observed surface. spatial aforementioned vectors determined coordinates, which include: declination, latitude, hour angle, longitude, elevation azimuth surface, inclination north-south direction east-west direction. This article describes detail theoretical model for det...

This study investigates F0 declination as a global-level prosodic phenomenon, establishing a new discourse-based model of prosodic structure in Japanese. The model includes two levels of declination in a hierarchical order: utterance units and prosodic paragraphs, a higher level of declination consisting of embedded declinations. Comparing and contrasting three types of discourse -read speech, ...

The angular declination of a target with respect to eye level is known to be an important cue to egocentric distance when objects are viewed or can be assumed to be resting on the ground. When targets are fixated, angular declination and the direction of the gaze with respect to eye level have the same objective value. However, any situation that limits the time available to shift gaze could le...

This study investigates F0 declination in broadcast news speech in English and Mandarin Chinese. The results demonstrate a strong relationship between utterance length and declination slope. Shorter utterances have steeper declination even after excluding the initial rising and final lowering effects. Both topline and baseline show declination, but they are independent. The topline and baseline...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of heel-height changes on the low joint angles of the lower extremities of women in their 20s during gait. [Subjects and Methods] Qualisys Track Manager Software ver. 2.8 (Qualisys, Sweden) was used to perform measurements on 14 female university students in their 20s. To measure movements, the subjects were asked to walk while wear...

As a potential means to decrease their risk of injury, many runners are transitioning into barefoot running. Habitually shod runners tend to heel-strike (SHS), landing on their heel first, while barefoot runners tend to mid-foot or toe-strike (BTS), landing flat-footed or on the ball of their foot before bringing down the rest of the foot including the heel. This study compared muscle activity,...

STUDY DESIGN Repeated-measures analysis of variance. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of 2 different orthotic posting designs on first metatarsophalangeal (first MTP) joint kinematics during gait. BACKGROUND Common orthotic designs used to control abnormal pronation incorporate the use of a medial post in the forefoot and/or rearfoot locations. Although this design may favorably alter rearfo...