The expression of the VH T15 gene product was analyzed in the sera and in the supernatants of polyclonally activated B cells of X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice. We found that defective males, contrary to normal females, do not express the VH T15 gene product even on antibodies devoid of anti-PC specificity. RNA analysis of polyclonally activated cells with VH specific probes revealed that x...

In this paper we examine the factors that determine how firms manage large, firmspecific risks, in this case, product liability. The risk of being sued for defective products or damage from defective products poses a small probability of a great loss to the firm. Product liability exposure arises from the firm’s choice of products and markets; choices that are fundamental to the firm’s business...

At the manufacturing plant or while products are being transferred from one supply layer to another, there is a considerable possibility of receiving damaged faulty items mixed in with non-defective commodities. This research focuses on and defective that shipped retailers by their suppliers. The retailer reworks make them non-defective, receives discount cost purchasing items. presented invent...

Under relevant Malaysian laws, manufacturers or distributors who falsely claim that their cosmetics are safe subject to criminal penalties. The question arises as whether the producers can be responsible for physical well emotional injury caused consumers of such products. This paper seeks investigate potential liability manufacturer and distributor defective under product law, which generally ...

PT. Yogya Presisi Teknikatama Industri (PT. YPTI) is a mold, precision part, and plastic injection maker company. One of the obstacles faced by the company is the high level of nonconformity on its production results. The waste on production process can be identified and classified into four types, i.e.: a). during the process of injection molding machines, b). finishing and cutting processes, ...

We study the problem of planning the production of new and recovering defective items of the same product manufactured on the same facility. Items of the product are produced in batches. The processing of a batch includes two stages. In the first work stage, all items of a batch are manufactured and good quality items go to the inventory to satisfy given demands. In the second rework stage, som...

This paper presents an economic production quantity (EPQ) model with a periodic order quantity (POQ) policy, product reliability and periodic demand. The machine reliability has decreased over time; therefore, the rates of perfect and defective products reduce and increase over time, respectively. A fixed percentage of these products are reworked while the rest is wasted. Some equipment in thei...

The Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model is often used in the manufacturing sector to assist firms in determining the optimal production lot size that minimizes overall production-inventory costs. There are some assumptions in the EPQ model that restrict this model for real-world applications. Some of these assumptions are (1) infinite space of warehouse, (2) all of the pr...

Online ratings impose significant effects on the behaviors of potential customers. Thus, online merchants try to adopt strategies that affect this rating behavior, and most of these strategies are connected to money, such as the strategies of returning cash coupons if a consumer gives a five-star rating (RI strategy, an acronym for "returning" and "if") or returning cash coupons directly with n...