The economic production quantity (EPQ) is a commonly used inventory model. An assumption in the EPQ model is that all units produced are perfect. Some researchers have studied the effects after relaxing this assumption on the inventory models. The objective of this paper is to determine the economic production quantity with reduced pricing, rework and reject situations in a single-stage system ...

Every industrial sector emits carbon emissions during production, which is always a major concern for environmental practitioners. To resolve this, innovative and smart ways are required that not only cost-effective but also environmentally savvy. Moreover, the production processes prone to various imperfections, thus of defectives quite pragmatic. The handling such defective products varies fr...

A production-inventory model is proposed for a manufacturing process used to produce a single product in batches to meet a deterministic demand. The process is assumed to be in-control at the start of a production run. Then, the process may shift to an out-of-control state at a random point in time, and a fixed portion of items produced is defective. These defective items cannot be repaired or ...

Cost reduction in production systems is one of the main concerns most manufacturing industries. Achieving this goal requires effective use resources. Nowadays, due to competitiveness and need reduce costs deliver goods on time, equipment availability prevention unexpected stops are particularly important industrial units. In recent years, equipment, machinery, human resources have been foundati...

In a recent paper, Ouyang et al. [10] proposed a ( , , ) Q r L inventory model with defective items in an arrival lot. The purpose of this study is to generalize Ouyang et al.’s [10] model by allowing setup cost ( ) A as a decision variable in conjunction with order quantity ( ) Q , reorder point ( ) r and lead time ( ) L . In this study, we first assume that the lead time demand follows a norm...

Production systems with scrapped and rework items have recently become an interesting subject of research. While most attempts have been focused on finding the optimal production quantity in a simple production system, little work appears on a joint production environment. In this research, two joint production systems in a form of multiproduct singlemachine with and without rework are studied ...

This paper derives the optimal production-shipment policy for a vendor-buyer integrated system with rework process and a cost lessening product delivery plan. The objective is to derive the optimal production lot size and number of deliveries that minimizes total costs for the proposed vendor-buyer integrated system. This paper extends the work of Chiu et al. [Joint determination of the product...

This study emphasizes the development of a flexible inventory system considering rework requirements on imperfect and defective items. work has considered items could be sold at lower price in market as compared to perfect The developed model Weibull deterioration inflation balance same amount future due its potential earning capacity. And demand's function depends well level because large pile...

This paper presents an economic production quantity (EPQ) model with a periodic order quantity (POQ) policy, product reliability and periodic demand. The machine reliability has decreased over time; therefore, the rates of perfect and defective products reduce and increase over time, respectively. A fixed percentage of these products are reworked while the rest is wasted. Some equipment in thei...