The challenges associated with the global phosphorus (P) cycle are complex and multifaceted, from geological resource limitation, to P deficiency on arable farmland, environmental contamination via excess fertilization. Although no single solution can address all of cycle, principle circularity provides a framework toward more sustainable food-secure system. Phosphorus farmland is widespread, p...

Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble substance that has two forms, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). UV light the main source of induces conversion 7-dehydrcholestrol to in skin. Food sources contain high amount are egg yolk, fish, liver. Several studies revealed wide prevalence deficiency Vit. among healthy population, addition, different diseases have relation with their inadequac...

Part of the rationale for this practice is the high iron requirement during pregnancy, almost 3 times that required for nonpregnant women of childbearing years, which is difficult to meet from dietary sources. Another reason for supplementation is that anemia caused by iron deficiency alone or in combination with other factors, eg, folate deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and malaria, has been ...

Magnesium (Mg) is a mineral that plays an essential role as cofactor of more than 300 enzymes. Mg in farm animals’ and human nutrition recommended to avoid deficiency, ensure adequate growth health maintenance. supplementation above the estimated minimum requirements best practice improve performances (fertility yield) food products’ quality, since performance animals has grown recent decades. ...

OBJECTIVES To review evidence of iodine deficiency and clinical thyroid disorders in Hong Kong. DATA SOURCES Publications on local dietary iodine intake, the iodine content of local food items, and clinical thyroid problems in the Hong Kong population. DATA EXTRACTION Data was extracted and evaluated independently by the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS Iodine is an essential nutrient. Iodine defi...

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the major nutritional deficiency disorders. Iron deficiency anemia occurs due to decreased absorption of iron from diet, chronic blood loss and other associated diseases. The importance of iron and deleterious effects of iron deficiency anemia are discussed briefly in this review followed by the transdermal approaches to deliver iron. Transdermal delivery of iro...

cd8 deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency with low or absent peripheral cd8 cells which results from tap deficiency, zap 70 deficiency and cd8 α gene mutation. we report a 14 year old female who presented with a history of recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis, otitis, severe varicella, herpetic lesions of mouth, bilateral uveitis, and cataract formation since the age of 8 years. she had ...

BACKGROUND We investigated the relationship among socioeconomic status factors, the risk of anemia, and iron deficiency among school-aged children in Korea. METHODS The sample consisted of fourth-grade students aged 10 y recruited from nine elementary schools in Korean urban areas in 2008 (n = 717). Anthropometric and blood biochemistry data were obtained for this cross-sectional observationa...