Disruption of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) gene causes embryonic lethality due to placental dysfunction. To circumvent this, a PPAR gamma conditional gene knockout mouse was produced by using the Cre-loxP system. The targeted allele, containing loxP sites flanking exon 2 of the PPAR gamma gene, was crossed into a transgenic mouse line expressing Cre recombin...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists are commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases, and are reported to have several effects on cardiovascular function that may be due to PPAR gamma-independent signaling events. Select angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) interact with and modulate PPAR gamma activity, thus we hypothesized that a PPAR gamma agonist may exe...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of ligand-activated transcription factors that include PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and PPAR-delta. We hypothesized that PPAR expression in blood vessels could be reduced in hypertension to result in increased vascular growth and reduced apoptosis. We investigated the abundance of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma in aorta and mesenteric arter...

We examined the effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, and N-(9-fluorenyl-methyloxycarbonyl)-L-leucine (F-L-Leu), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonist, separately and combined, on the development of methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary gland carcinogenesis. Celecoxib and F-L-Leu significantly reduced tumor incidence and multiplicity ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPAR-gamma regulates gene expression by forming a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) before binding to sequence-specific PPAR response elements (PPREs) in the promoter region of target genes, thereby regulating several metabo...

Note: The PPAR gamma gene, a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors, is implicated in adipocyte differentiation and function. In order to regulate the transcription of target genes, the PPAR protein needs to form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Three splice variants of PPAR gamma are known: PPAR gamma1, PPAR gamma2, ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is being studied intensively for its role in carcinogenesis and in mediating the effects of prostate cancer treatment and prevention drugs. Prostate cancers express abundant and higher constitutive levels of PPAR-gamma than do normal prostate cells and are growth inhibited by ligand activation of PPAR-gamma. However, little is known ...

To determine whether homocysteine (Hcy)-mediated activation of endocardial endothelial (EE) cells is ameliorated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), we isolated EE cells from mouse endocardium. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in EE cells were measured in the presence and absence of Hcy, and ciprofibrate (CF; PPAR-alpha agoni...

Objective(s):This study examined whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation affects insulin sensitivity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) protein expressions in the skeletal muscles of rats during endurance exercise. Materials and Methods:Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into HS (high-fat diet (HFD) s...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is critical for phenotype determination at early differentiation stages of mesenchymal cells, whereas its physiological role is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandinJ2 (15d-PGJ2), the natural receptor ligand for PPAR-gamma, on dedifferentiation and inflammatory responses, such as COX-2 e...