The morphology and the innervation of the main wing depressor muscles have been studied. The motoneurones to these muscles have dendrites ipsilateral to the muscle they innervate and located in the dorsal neuropile. With the exception of one motoneurone, to the dorsal longitudinal muscle, all motoneurone cell bodies are ipsilateral to the muscle they innervate. The morphologies of individual co...

Ballistic tongue projection in toads is a remarkably fast and powerful movement. The goals of this study were to: (1) quantify in vivo power output and activity of the depressor mandibulae muscles that are responsible for ballistic mouth opening, which powers tongue projection; (2) quantify the elastic properties of the depressor mandibulae muscles and their series connective tissues using in s...

The activity of the motor neuron pools of the protractor coxae muscle and of the thoracic part of the depressor trochanteris muscle during forward walking in the stick insect was investigated, and a spiking local interneuron, able to produce "endogenous bursting" and innervating both motor neuron pools, was identified. Extracellular recordings of the motor neurons innervating the protractor and...

OBJECTIVE A cavum between the septi pellucidi may reflect neurodevelopmental anomalies in midline structures of the brain. The authors examined cavum septi pellucidi in subjects with schizophrenia, affective disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder and in normal subjects. METHOD Thirty schizophrenic patients (15 chronic, 15 first-episode), 16 patients with affective disorder (first-epis...

BACKGROUND While standardized methods are established to examine the pathway from motorcortex to the peripheral nerve in patients with facial palsy, a reliable method to evaluate the facial muscles in patients with long-term palsy for therapy planning is lacking. METHODS A 3D ultrasonographic (US) acquisition system driven by a motorized linear mover combined with conventional US probe was us...

Leg movements and leg muscle activity were monitored in unrestrained crayfish walking freely under several different load conditions. A variety of changes in the character of locomotion was found to vary with load including: (1) the timing and frequency of the step cycle and in particular the power stroke duration; (2) significant leg-positional changes which result in increased mechanical adva...

OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to construct reference limits for corpus callosum dimensions measured on images reconstructed from 3-dimensional (3D) sonography and to evaluate the reproducibility of these measurements. METHODS Three-dimensional sonographic volumes were acquired transabdominally from an axial view of the head in 361 fetuses cross-sectionally studied at 18 to 32 wee...

Seblak Gaul Septi berdiri pada tahun 2015, bergerak di bidang usaha makanan yang berlokasi Desa Banjar, Kecamatan Weleri, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Dalam menjalankan kegiatan operasionalnya selalu terdapat transaksi pemesanan. Namun Septi, pencatatan pemesanan menu dan perkiraan penjualan masih menggunakan manual yaitu atas kertas memakan waktu lama, keesokan harinya juga kira-kira. Lapora...