background: to evaluate the frequency, clinical presentation and cardiac involvement of children with rf in the north-east of iran. methods: a case series analysis was conducted on 80 patients with acute rheumatic fever (arf), who were hospitalized   at ghaem hospital in mashad between 1994 and 2000, were studied. laboratory tests and results from echocardiographic examinations, and clinical fi...

this study attempts to compare and highlight the major differences between international accounting standards (ias) and international financial reporting standards (ifrs) with national accounting standards (nas) in one of the developing nations, iran. over the past two decades, the iranian accounting standards setter, audit organization, has decided to eliminate the differences between ifrs and...

of about 40 million people with epilepsy, who live in developing countries, the majority do notreceive appropriate treatment. nonetheless, there are striking disparities among the so-called developing countries,however generally speaking, access to and availability of epilepsy management programs in developingcountries are very limited and therefore, the issue of developing epilepsy centers in ...

conclusions consistent reductions were observed for all wmsds disorders at the ninth month of the follow-up. it can be inferred that the use of practical and low-cost methods of engineering and administrative interventions together and monitoring the proper implementation of these interventions during a long time may achieve desired results in reducing musculoskeletal disorders in small scale a...

XML-based vertical standards are an emerging compatibility standard for describing business processes and data formats in specific industries that have emerged in the past decade. Vertical standards, typically implemented using eXtensible Markup Language (XML), are incomplete products in constant evolution, continually adding functionality to reflect changing business needs. Vertical standards ...

Experts from the North have long tried to teach countries in South how tax. For decades, they assumed main challenges were domestic and there was a right answer be found somewhere developed world that could replicated everywhere else. Only more recently dedicated attention international realm, yet their solutions remain tied technical rules designed by few specialists, as exemplified OECD Secre...

the dominant policy decision emphasis on urbanisation problem in developing countries is itsrate of growth, ignoring the level of provision of resources, including the infrastructure, to match this growth. it isagainst this background that the paper undertook a broad analysis of the state of infrastructure in developing countriesusing such indices as access and quality of water supply, sanitati...

1. cancer research center, shahid beheshti university of medical sciences, tehran, iran 2. health sector policy coordination group, in charge of minister for policy making affairs bureau, ministry of health and medical education, tehran, iran 3. ncd research center, endocrine and metabolism research institute, tehran university of medical sciences and health services, tehran, iran 4. health ser...

background: noticeable amounts of pesticides are used in developing countries each year. however excessive application of these chemicals in the past few decades has breaded serious problems to both animals and humans. although most studies have targeted acute poisoning, in the present study chronic poisoning as a new and important health problem has been studied due to application and storage ...

A visit to Ghana, with the hosts interested in developing leaders and the guest interested in developing countries, led to a questioning of both. Three approaches to development are discussed. The top-down government planning approach, discredited with the fall of communism, has been replaced by an outside-in ‘globalisation’ approach, which is now promoted as the way to develop an economy. But ...