BACKGROUND Two indicators of a clade's success are its diversity (number of included species) and its disparity (extent of morphospace occupied by its members). Many large genera show high diversity with low disparity, while others such as Euphorbia and Drosophila are highly diverse but also exhibit high disparity. The largest genera are often characterized by key innovations that often, but no...

developmental periodsof thegrapevine aphid, aphis illinoisensis shimer (hemiptera: aphididae) on the grape, vitis vinifera l., and its two parasitoid species, lysiphlebus testaceipes (cresson) (exotic) (hymenoptera: braconidae: aphidiinae) and aphelinus albipodus hayat and fatima (indigenous) (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) were studied at two constant temperatures (20 and 25 ± 2 oc), 70 ± 5 % r.h. ...

Objectives: There are various developmental screening tools that are different in terms of psychometric characteristics and choosing the best one is challenging for the pediatrician. This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status, a developmental screening questionnaire, in 4-60 months-old children in the city of Tehran. Meth...

introdouction: age estimation is an important issue in forensics, particularly for treatment planning and determining patients’ rights. radiographic evaluation of the third molar developmental stage is a significant criterion for age estimation. the pattern of tooth development is largely heritable and varies from race to race. the objective of this study was to radiographically examine and com...

introduction: the dominant approach in the etiology and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (asd) is a behavioral approach. proponents of the behavioral model believe that children with autism in access to capabilities in achieving love, empathy, language and creative thinking, have significant fundamental defects.  instead model-based development of individual differences relationship offers...

doing a piece of research on acquisition of second language phonetics theoretically will justify the exact stages of language trans- fer and further predicts the existence of systematicity and difficulty order (eckman, 2008). the present research is an attempt to provide new evidence for the efficacy of second language acquisition to devel- opmental stages of acquisition of phonological structu...