Over-claiming is a concrete operalization of self-enhancement based on respondents' ratings of their knowledge of various persons, events, products, and so on. Because 20% of the items are nonexistent, responses can be analyzed with signal detection formulas to index both response bias (over-claiming) and accuracy (knowledge). Study 1 demonstrated convergence of over-claiming with alternative m...

Exclusive dealing arrangements, in which a distributor contracts to work exclusively with a single manufacturer, can be efficiency enhancing or they can be an anticompetitive means to foreclose markets. This paper evaluates the effect of exclusive distribution arrangements on competition in the Chicago beer market in 1994. A diagnostic test is provided to judge whether exclusive arrangements be...

fuzzy expert systems are one of the most practical intelligent models with the high potential for managing uncertainty associated to the medical diagnosis. in this paper, a fuzzy inference system (fis) for diagnosing of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children has been introduced. the fuzzy expert system applies mamdani reasoning model that has high interpretability to explain system results to e...

laparoscopic orchiopexy (lo) was used in place of open surgery in 10 patients for diagnosing cryptorchidism in our department. in this method a large abdominal incision was not given in search of intra-abdominal testes. anorchia was diagnosed in four patients, which was shown to be bilateral in one. in one subject with ambiguous genitalia, revealing the presence of intra-abdominal gonads establ...