Calcium salts of analogues of dipicolinic acid were substituted for calcium dipicolinate in tests of germination of spores of Bacillus megaferium ATCC 10778. Only 4Hpyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid was as active as dipicolinic acid. 3-Methyldipicolinic acid and 4-methyl-4H-pyran-2, B-dicarboxylic acid were active but the germination proceeded less rapidly. In the presence of a threshold concentratio...

Within the mammalian central nervous system, the efficient removal of L-glutamate from the extracellular space by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) has been postulated to contribute to signal termination, the recycling of transmitter, and the maintenance of L-glutamate at concentrations below those that are excitotoxic. The development of potent and selective inhibitors of the EAATs ha...

Inhibition of lysyl hydroxylase and prolyl 3-hydroxylase was studied with 23 selected aromatic and aliphatic structural analogues of 2-oxoglutarate and the results were compared with those previously reported for prolyl 4-hydroxylase. All the compounds inhibited the hydroxylases competitively with respect to 2-oxoglutarate and noncompetitively with respect to Fe2+ and the peptide substrate. The...

In Escherichia coli the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system are transcriptionally regulated by C4-dicarboxylates. The regulation is effected by a two-component regulatory system, DcuSR, consisting of a sensory histidine kinase (DcuS) and a response regulator (DcuR). DcuS and DcuR are encoded by the dcuSR genes (previously yjdHG) at 93.7 min on the calculated E. coli map. In...

A series of four coordination polymers showing entangled architectures based on cobalt and mixed N-donor/O-donor ligands, namely [Co(4,4'-BPIPA)(TP)]·2DMF (1), [Co(4,4'-BPIPA)(2,6-NDC)(DMF)]·DMF (2), [Co(4,4'-BPIPA)(2,6-NDC)]·2DMF (3) and [Co(4,4'-BPIPA)(4,4'-BPDC)]·2DMF (4) (4,4'-BPIPA = N,N'-bis-4-pyridinyl-isophthalamide, TP = terephthalic acid, 2,6-NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,...

Proximal tubule cells extract dicarboxylates from filtrate and blood, using cotransporters located in the brush border [sodium dicarboxylate cotransporter (NaDC-1)] and basolateral cell membrane (NaDC-3). We expressed the human NaDC-3 (hNaDC-3) in Xenopus laevis oocytes and characterized it by the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. At -60 mV, succinate (4 carbons) and glutarate (5 carbons) ...

The 4-carboxymethylen-4-sulfo-but-2-en-olide (4-sulfomuconolactone) hydrolases from Hydrogenophaga intermedia strain S1 and Agrobacterium radiobacter strain S2 are part of a modified protocatechuate pathway responsible for the degradation of 4-sulfocatechol. In both strains, the hydrolase-encoding genes occur downstream of those encoding the enzymes that catalyze the lactonization of 3-sulfomuc...

There is a wealth of information on the genetic regulation and biochemical properties of bacterial C4-dicarboxylate transport systems. In sharp contrast, there are far fewer studies describing the transport and assimilation of C5-dicarboxylates among bacteria. In an effort to better our understanding on this subject, we identified the structural and regulatory genes necessary for the utilizatio...