Hydrocarbon oils of the alga Botryococcus braunii, extracted from a natural "bloom" of the plant, have been hydrocracked to produce a distillate comprising 67% gasoline fraction, 15% aviation turbine fuel fraction, 15% diesel fuel fraction, and 3% residual oil. The distillate was examined by a number of standard petroleum industry test methods. This preliminary investigation indicates that the ...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Combustion of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in ambient aerosol matter was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). To ease identification of the particles of in...

Combustion of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in ambient aerosol matter was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). To ease identification of the particles of interest and to avoid or at least reduce interaction with simultaneously sampled inorganic oxides and salts, the approach used in this work diff...

This paper proposes an analytical method to detect adulteration of diesel/biodiesel blends based on near infrared (NIR) spectrometry and supervised pattern recognition methods. For this purpose, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with the successive projections algorithm (SPA) have been employed to build screening models using thr...

This paper describes a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) mass flow rate estimation method and a robust air mass fraction observer for a Diesel engine with dualloop EGR system. Both observers operate simultaneously eliminating the need for pressure measurement upstream the LP-EGR valve. A sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the LP-EGR mass flow rate using the standard sen...

BACKGROUND Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a promising non-invasive index of airway inflammation that may be used to assess respiratory effects of air pollution. We evaluated FENO as a measure of airway inflammation after controlled exposure to diesel exhaust or ozone. METHODS Healthy volunteers were exposed to either diesel exhaust (particle concentration 300 μg/m3) and filtered a...

Aqueous environments contaminated with diesel components pose a threat to the native biota due to the intrinsically toxic nature of the many hydrocarbon compounds present. In the event of diesel being released into an aqueous environment it is imperative that the contaminant is recovered in a rapid manner to ensure the safety of aquatic organisms as well as to maintain desired water quality. Th...

The present study conducted experimental investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine using diesel as pilot fuel and methane, hydrogen and methane/hydrogen mixture as gaseous fuels at 1800 rev min. The effect of gaseous fuel on peak cylinder pressure and heat release is modest at low to medium loads. At high load, the high combustion temperature and hi...

In recent years, biodiesel has been considered as a good alternative of diesel fuels. Density and viscosity are two important properties of these fuels. In this study, density and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel-diesel blends were estimated by using artificial neural network (ANN). A three-layer feed forward neural network with Levenberg-Marquard (LM) algorithm was used for learning empirical ...

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the technical feasibility of DME-Diesel blend as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines for automotive applications. DME is a synthetic fuel produced by the conversion of various feedstocks such as natural gas, coal, oil residues and bio-mass. The compatible properties such as high cetane number and low auto-ignition temperature with s...