We give an general estimate for the non-microstates free entropy dimension δ∗(X1, . . . , Xn). If X1, . . . , Xn generate a diffuse von Neumann algebra, we prove that δ∗(X1, . . . , Xn) ≥ 1. In the case that X1, . . . , Xn are q-semicircular variables as introduced by Bozejko and Speicher and qn < 1, we show that δ∗(X1, . . . , Xn) > 1. We also show that for |q| < √ 2−1, the von Neumann algebra...

The meteorological data concerning solar radiation are generally not sufficient to allow quantifying all the phenomena which occur when a photovoltaic panel receives solar light. It is therefore, necessary to supplement these data by using astronomical calculation for the sun position and modelling the atmosphere. A simple method to calculate global, diffuse and direct irradiance on vertical an...

Light scattering in turbid media can be related to the microstructure of media. Thus, light scattering can potentially be used for process control of products where the structure is a key component. However process control requires robust and sensitive input data to function properly. In this study we investigate different decomposition methods for extracting light scattering information from i...

We propose a method for rapidly classifying surface reflectance directly from the output of spatiotemporal filters applied to an image sequence of rotating objects. Using image data from only a single frame, we compute histograms of image velocities and classify these as being generated by a specular or a diffusely reflecting object. Exploiting characteristics of material-specific image velocit...

Method for aerosol refractive index estimation with ground based polarization measurement data is proposed. The proposed method uses a dependency of refractive index on p and s polarized down welling solar diffuse irradiance. It is much easy to measure p and s polarized irradiance on the ground with a portable measuring instrument rather than solar direct, diffuse and aureole measurements. Thro...

Many flat panel displays (FPDs) have anti-reflection surface treatments that differ in character from those of traditional cathode-ray-tube displays. Specular reflection models (mirror-like, producing a distinct image) combined with diffuse (Lambertian) reflection models can be entirely inadequate to characterize the reflection properties of such displays. A third reflection component, called h...

We report the laparoscopic transhiatal thoracic duct ligation to solve postoperative chylothorax after right total pleurectomy for malignant diffuse mesothelioma. q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

One way to better apprehend the problem of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is to search for correlations between the bands in a large sample of spectra towards various lines of sight: a strict correlation may imply that a common carrier is at the origin of the bands, whereas a non-correlation means that different species are involved. We propose this observational test for 10 DIBs collected i...

In this paper, we propose a new reflectance separation model to separate the diffuse and specular reflection components. The model is based on a two-dimensional space called Ch-CV space, which is spanned by maximum chromaticity and the coefficient of variation (CV) of RGB color. The space exhibits a more direct correspondence to diffuse and specular reflection components than the RGB color spac...

Geometrical diffuse reflection is a common optical phenomenon that occurs when a reflecting surface has roughness of order of hundreds of micrometres. Light rays thus reflect uniformly in all directions with each ray obeying Snell's law. Of interest is knowing what happens when light reflects off surfaces with roughness of nanometres. Here, by introducing nanoscaled roughness on the hexagonal f...