An estimated 19 million unsafe abortions occur worldwide each year, resulting in the deaths of about 70,000 women. Legalization of abortion is a necessary but insufficient step toward improving women's health. Without skilled providers, adequate facilities and easy access, the promise of safe, legal abortion will remain unfulfilled, as in India and Zambia. Both suction curettage and pharmacolog...

Background: Cervix insufficiency is diagnosed based on a previous history of pregnancy loss in the second trimester, followed by painless cervical dilatation or premature rupture of the fetal membranes. Abnormal cervical tissue structural appears to be the cause of this complication. There are no diagnostic methods for cervical insufficiency before pregnancy, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...

299 cases of incomplete abortions were admitted to jahanshah saleh hospital, razi medical school university of tehran during the period of october 10, 1973 to november 24, 1974. all were treated with single dilatation and curettage. the patient groups were roughly half outpatient and half inpatient. the information was recorded on standard forms and computed by the international fertility resea...

BACKGROUND Acquired arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can develop after uterine instrumentation. The increased risks of vascular changes, including abnormal placentation, after repeated cesarean sections are well studied. Herein, we describe a patient with delayed hemorrhage from a uterine AVM, following dilation and curettage for a cesarean scar pregnancy. CASE A 32-year-old G3P2 presented ...

Endometrial hyperplasia is of clinical significance because it is often a precursor lesion to adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Making the distinction between hyperplasia and true precancerous lesions or true neoplasia has significant clinical effect because their differing cancer risks must be matched with an appropriate intervention to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment. Pathologic diagno...

Abnormal Uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common reason for women of all ages to consult their gynecologist and is the direct cause of a significant health care burden for women, their families and society as a whole.It affects 10-30% of reproductive age women and upto 50 % of perimenopausal women. The most probable etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding relates to the patients reproductive age, as d...

Anovulatory cycles are a symptom and not a disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome, pituitary microadenoma, impaired GnRH release, and hypothyroidism are common etiologies for anovulation and should be excluded. Patients can present with amenorrhea which needs etiology-specific treatment or with acute dysfunctional uterine bleeding which might need emergency treatment. Emergency treatment can be eit...