recent advances in reproductive medicine have created a demand for more accurate and safe imaging modalities before assisted reproductive treatment(art) (1). gradually, the important role of three-dimensional (3d) ultrasonography in the diagnosis of uterine congenital anomalies has been proved (2-4).

Recent advances in reproductive medicine have created a demand for more accurate and safe imaging modalities before assisted reproductive treatment(ART) (1). Gradually, the important role of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in the diagnosis of uterine congenital anomalies has been proved (2-4).

PURPOSE To evaluate the precision of both two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography in determining vertebral lesion level (the first open vertebra) in patients with spina bifida. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal study comprising of fetuses with open spina bifida who were treated in the fetal medicine division of the department of obstetrics of Hospital das Clínicas of the Universi...

OBJECTIVE To estimate whether three-dimensional ultrasonography and three-dimensional power Doppler investigation can contribute to the differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses. METHODS Women scheduled for surgical treatment of an adnexal mass were included in a multicenter prospective study. All women underwent two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonographic examina...

Carotid Doppler ultrasonography is a popular tool for evaluating atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. Its two-dimensional gray scale can be used for measuring the intima-media thickness, which is very good biomarker for atherosclerosis and can aid in plaque characterization. The plaque morphology is related to the risk of stroke. The ulceration of plaque is also known as one of the strong pre...