This paper considers the scattering of low-frequency elastic waves by a crack in a plate. A simple formula is derived for the re ̄ection coef®cient which serves as a lower bound to the re ̄ection coef®cient at higher frequencies. Notation a half crack length c speed of S-waves in plate cL speed of longitudinal waves in an in®nite medium cT speed of transverse waves in an in®nite medium d half thi...

Cp = heat capacity at constant pressure, J= K kg Cv = heat capacity at constant volume, J= K kg c = concentration, mol=m E = total energy, J=m H = shape factor, = , dimensionless h = specific enthalpy, J=kg h = heat of formation, J=kg J = diffusive mass flux, kg=m s Keq = equilibrium constant k = reaction rate coefficient Le = Lewis number, dimensionless M = Mach number, dimensionless ns = tota...

In this paper, an asymptotic expansion is used to derive a description of Phan-Tien Tanner / Oldroyd-B flows in the thin film situation without the classical “Upper Convective Maxwell” assumption. We begin with a short presentation of the Phan-Thien Tanner / Oldroyd-B models which introduce viscoelastic effects in a solute-solvant mixture. The three dimensional flow is described using five para...

subalpine ecosystems are highly fragile as compared to biological andenvironmental factors. landslide is one of the ruinous upshots of this ecosystem. one of theimpressionable areas in the cause of natural factor is masoleh watershed in western alborzmt, (iran). in order to landslide hazard zonation, landslide index and frequency ratio methodbased on twelve causative factors such as slope, slop...

a theoretical solution is presented for the forced convection heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid obeying the giesekus constitutive equation in a concentric annulus under steady state, laminar, and purely tangential flow. a relative rotational motion exists between the inner and the outer cylinders, which induces the flow. a constant temperature was set in both cylinders, in this study. the f...

A surface redox reaction of a strongly adsorbed redox couple involving interactions between the adsorbed particles was analyzed theoretically under conditions of square-wave voltammetry (SWV). If uniform interactions act between the adsorbed particles, the effect of interaction forces is represented through the product of the relative surface coverage and Frumkin interaction parameter a. The ki...

We discuss two scenarios of emergent gravity. In one them the quantum vacuum is considered as superplastic crystal, and effective gravity describes dynamical elastic deformations this crystal. other gravitational tetrads emerge bilinear form fermionic fields. spite essentially different mechanisms gravity, these have important common property: metric field has dimension inverse square length [g...

foam injection is widely applied in amounts of fields to drilling, production, and formation protection. sometimes, the application result is disappointing, which is caused by the failure of bubble generation in foam flooding. therefore, it is necessary to seek ways for improving the performance of foam injection. an increased disturbance to the stratum, like the vibration caused by a seismic o...

Recently, a methodology allowing a stochastic nonlinear reduced-order model to be constructed in the context of the nonlinear mistuning induced by geometric nonlinearities has been proposed. The present work is devoted to an industrial application for which the centrifugal stiffening due to rotational effects is also included. The nonlinear mistuned forced response is investigated in the time-d...

In this paper, the role of finite Electric Double Layer (EDL) conductivity on the Streaming Potential and the resulting Electroviscous effect in pressure-driven nanofluidic ionic transport is investigated. Important dimensionless parameters like the Dukhin number (based on the EDL surface electrical conductivity, the bulk electrical conductivity and the EDL thickness), ratio of the Stern Layer ...