Smallpox, which currently is only of historical interest, was once one of the most terrible illnesses with high mortality and morbidity. In the late 18th century, the English physician and naturalist, Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823), discovered an efficient preventive technique against smallpox which he termed "vaccination". Afterwards, the practice of vaccination gradually became widespread when f...

[1] Here we describe, test, and apply a spatially explicit, global model for predicting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export by rivers to coastal waters (NEWS-DIN). NEWS-DIN was developed as part of an internally consistent suite of global nutrient export models. Modeled and measured DIN export values agree well (calibration R = 0.79), and NEWS-DIN is relatively free of bias. NEWS-DIN pred...

architecture has been always recognized as a framework which is influenced by social beliefs, traditions and interactions and furthermore affects individual soul and tendency. therefore it is impossible to analyze and consequently identify an architectural artifact if not accompanied by analysis of intellectual fundamentals of its contemporary society. the ensemble of sheikh safi al-din which i...

Abstrak: Aceh merupakan wilayah yang istimewa. Dari kawasan ini, lahir kerajaan Islam salah satunya Kesultanan Darussalam. Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, Darussalam pernah dipimpin oleh perempuan (sultanah). Kedudukan sebagai pemimpin atau sultanah sering menjadi isu kontroversi. Berangkat dari fakta sejarah tersebut, permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kebijakan politik pada tahun...

BACKGROUND Tamoxifen's cost-benefit ratio for breast ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) is unclear. Since low-dose tamoxifen showed a favorable modulation of breast cancer biomarkers in phase II trials, a monoinstitutional cohort of women with DIN treated with low-dose tamoxifen or no systemic treatment was analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 309 patients with DIN received low-dose ...

This article examines the period of internecine struggle in Khorezm state after death Shah Abu’l-Fath Il-Arslan (1156–1172) between his sons — Sultan Mahmud and ‘Ala’ ad-Din Tekish. Despite fact that this episode from Anushteginid dynasty is relatively well known to scholars, there has not yet been a single special study how war or “Khorezmian sedition” was reflected synchronous Muslim texts 12...

This paper will enumerate the last days of rule Sultanate Kashmir, which was originally founded in very tough conditions by a Swati Muslim commander, Shah Mir, later known as Sultan Shams din and counted to be second king first Sultan, who, according all estimates, considered most important figure among Lahora nobility. Hindu usually ended with defeat Kota Rani at Inderkot Safapora, 1339 A.D., ...

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) movement from Australian sugarcane farms is believed to be a major cause of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks which have reduced the Great Barrier Reef coral cover by ~21% (1985-2012). We develop a daily model of DIN concentration in runoff based on >200 field monitored runoff events. Runoff DIN concentrations were related to nitrogen fertiliser application r...