the non-differentiability and implicit definition of boundary of production possibility set (pps) in data envelopment analysis (dea) are two important difficulties for obtaining directional characteristics, including different elasticity measures and marginal rates of substitution. also, imposing weight restrictions in dea models have some shortcomings and misunderstandings. in this paper we ut...

This article describes sixteen different ways to traverse d-dimensional space recursively in a way that is well-defined for any number of dimensions. Each of these traversals has distinct properties that may be beneficial for certain applications. Some of the traversals are novel, some have been known in principle but had not been described adequately for any number of dimensions, some of the t...

Image-based or light field rendering has received much recent attention as an alternative to traditional geometric methods for modeling and rendering complex objects. A light field represents the radiance flowing through all the points in a scene in all possible directions. We explore two new techniques for efficiently acquiring, storing, and reconstructing light fields in a (nearly) uniform fa...

The rat hippocampal region is frequently studied in relation to learning and memory processes and brain diseases. The region is complex, consisting of multiple subdivisions that are challenging to delineate anatomically. Published atlases of the rat brain typically lack the underlying histological criteria necessary to identify boundaries, and textbooks descriptions of the region are often inad...

BACKGROUND Active-assistive range of motion exercises to gain shoulder elevation have been subdivided into gravity-minimized and upright-assisted exercises, yet no study has evaluated differences in muscular demands. HYPOTHESIS Compared with gravity-minimized exercises, upright-assisted exercises will generate larger electromyographic (EMG) activity. Compared with all active-assistive exercis...