Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is a discontinuum-based and implicit method for investigating the deformational behavior of block systems. The constant acceleration integration (CAI) scheme characterized by unconditional stability employed in traditional DDA. In this study, problems CAI regarding time step DDA are pointed out. A too large or small size adopted will have adverse effects...

Presence of joints and fractures in rocks strongly influences the behavior of the rock mass by dividing the media into smaller units. These structures intensify the potential instability besides the development of sliding and rotational movements. The assumption of discontinuum media changes the whole analysis conditions in relation to the continuum analysis. Acquisition of geometrical and stru...

presence of joints and fractures in rocks strongly influences the behavior of the rock mass by dividing the media into smaller units. these structures intensify the potential instability besides the development of sliding and rotational movements. the assumption of discontinuum media changes the whole analysis conditions in relation to the continuum analysis. acquisition of geometrical and stru...

There is a discontinuum of hereditary and acquired disorders of phosphate homeostasis that are caused by either high or low circulating levels of the novel phosphaturic hormone fibroblastic growth factor 23 (FGF23). Disorders that are caused by high circulating levels of FGF23 are characterized by hypophosphatemia, decreased production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and rickets/osteomalacia. On th...

This paper illustrates the richness of the concept of regular sets of time bounds and demonstrates its application to problems of computational complexity. There is a universe of bounds whose regular subsets allow to represent several time complexity classes of common interest and are linearly ordered with respect to the confinality relation which implies the inclusion between the corresponding...

The way we conceptualize rain is fundamental in many branches of science since it provides the basis not only for rain modeling notably in meteorology and hydrology, but also for interpreting rain data (from gauges and radars). In order to empirically address this question, we use stereophotographic data to measure the positions and volumes of raindrops from approximately 10 m(3) regions contai...

We prove that S ⊆ {0, 1} is of second category if and only if for each f : ω → ⋃ n∈ω{0, 1} n there exists a sequence {an}n∈ω belonging to S such that for infinitely many i ∈ ω the infinite sequence {ai+n}n∈ω extends the finite sequence f(i). Let M denote the ideal of first category subsets of R. Let M({0, 1}) denote the ideal of first category subsets of the Cantor discontinuum {0, 1}. Obviousl...