ebola virus (ebov) is an enveloped virus including a negative single strand genome in its virion with cylindrical/tubular morphology. ebov is the causative agent of ebola virus disease (evd), which is also involved in the outbreak observed in central africa since 1976. evd is a complex zoonotic viral disease which is highly virulent in human. the transmission of ebola infection is not usually h...

This paper describes and analyses some aspects of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Victoria, commencing in late October 1998. In all, 18 cases caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 were notified within 10 days making this the largest outbreak in Victoria reported to that date. All cases had epidemiological links to an industrial estate in a northern Melbourne suburb. Extensive env...

Background: Following the outbreak of eltor cholera in Iraq’s Kurdistan, Iran was threatened through the western border. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the health system response of Marivan city in Kurdistan Province (Iran) as a risky gateway for the outbreak of eltor cholera epidemic in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was implemented in...

conclusions none of the foodstuffs distributed among the pilgrims were the reason for this disease, and studying outbreaks in caravans with higher sample sizes is suggested. results only canned rice and fish had a relative risk higher than one, although both were not statistically significant. therefore, it could be stated that the consumed foodstuffs have not caused this outbreak. materials an...

despite  impressive  advancements  in  diagnostic  and  treatment technologies,  infectious  diseases  still  cause  a  significant  amount  of mortality and morbidity throughout the world due to the unpredictable and inevitable  rise  of  new  or  previously  dormant  pathogens.  emerging infectious disease (eid) outbreaks are mainly associated with changes in physical environment and human be...

A common source of bias in evaluating vaccine efficacy following a disease outbreak is the presence of persons who had the disease prior to the outbreak. This paper examines the effects of including and excluding pre-outbreak disease cases from the calculation of vaccine efficacy based on the cumulative incidence at the end of an outbreak. Using a five-stage model, the effects of the following ...

Disease outbreak detection, monitoring and notification systems are increasingly gaining popularity since these systems are designed to assess threats to public health and disease outbreaks are becoming increasingly common world-wide. A variety of systems are in use around the world, with coverage of national, international and global disease outbreaks. These systems use different taxonomies an...

and do not assume endorsement by the Federal Government (Edgar, 75.620(b)). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We gratefully acknowledge Cindy Gruman and Allison Roche for their assistance in preparing this report. We also appreciate the helpful comments on an early draft of the report provided by David Stapleton.